STL——容器（List）List 的数据元素插入和删除操作
push_back(elem);
//在容器尾部加入一个元素
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 listInt.push_back(444); 18 cout << "push_back后遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 25 return 0; 26 }
打印结果：
pop_back();
//删除容器中最后一个元素
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 listInt.pop_back(); 18 cout << "pop_back 后遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 25 return 0; 26 }
打印结果：
push_front(elem);
//在容器开头插入一个元素
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 listInt.push_front(0); 18 cout << "push_front 后遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 25 return 0; 26 }
打印结果：
pop_front();
//从容器开头移除第一个元素
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 listInt.pop_front(); 18 cout << "pop_front 后遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 25 return 0; 26 }
打印结果：
insert(pos, elem);
//在pos位置插elem元素的拷贝，返回新数据的位置
这里需要注意一点，list 不可以随机存取元素，所以不支持 at.(position)函数与[]操作符。可以对其迭代器执行++和--，但是不能这样操作迭代器：it + 3
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 18 cout << "insert 后，用 insert 的返回值遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.insert(++listInt.begin(), 888); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 cout << "最终遍历 listInt："; 25 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 26 { 27 cout << *it << " "; 28 } 29 30 return 0; 31 }
打印结果：
insert(pos, n, elem);
//在pos位置插入n个elem数据，返回新数据的第一个数据的位置（这个有没有返回值是编译器版本决定，早起版本的编译器没有返回值）
这里需要注意一点，list 不可以随机存取元素，所以不支持 at.(position)函数与[]操作符。可以对其迭代器执行++和--，但是不能这样操作迭代器：it + 3
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 18 cout << "insert 后，用 insert 的返回值遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.insert(++listInt.begin(), 2, 888); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 cout << endl; 24 cout << "最终遍历 listInt："; 25 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 26 { 27 cout << *it << " "; 28 } 29 30 return 0; 31 }
打印结果：
insert(pos, beg, end);
//在pos位置插入[beg,end)区间的数据，下面代码我举两种使用方法，一种是使用迭代器插入，另一种是插入数组
这里需要注意一点，list 不可以随机存取元素，所以不支持 at.(position)函数与[]操作符。可以对其迭代器执行++和--，但是不能这样操作迭代器：it + 3
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 int num_1[] = { 666,777,888 }; 10 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 11 list<int> listInt_A(2, 666); 12 cout << "初始遍历 listInt："; 13 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 14 { 15 cout << *it << " "; 16 } 17 cout << endl; 18 19 20 cout << "insert 后，用 insert 的返回值遍历 listInt："; 21 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.insert(++listInt.begin(), listInt_A.begin(), listInt_A.end()); it != listInt.end(); it++) 22 { 23 cout << *it << " "; 24 } 25 26 cout << endl; 27 cout << "最终遍历 listInt："; 28 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 29 { 30 cout << *it << " "; 31 } 32 cout << endl << endl; 33 34 35 //当然这里也可以插入数组 36 cout << "使用 insert 插入数组，然后用 insert 的返回值遍历 listInt：" << endl; 37 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.insert(++listInt.begin(), num_1, num_1 + size(num_1)); it != listInt.end(); it++) 38 { 39 cout << *it << " "; 40 } 41 42 cout << endl; 43 cout << "最终遍历 listInt："; 44 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 45 { 46 cout << *it << " "; 47 } 48 49 return 0; 50 }
打印结果：
clear();
//移除容器的所有数据
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "clear 前遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 cout << "clear 前 listInt.size() = " << listInt.size() << endl; 17 18 19 listInt.clear(); 20 cout << "clear 后遍历 listInt："; 21 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 22 { 23 cout << *it << " "; 24 } 25 cout << endl; 26 cout << "clear 后 listInt.size() = " << listInt.size() << endl; 27 28 return 0; 29 }
打印结果：
erase(beg, end);
//删除[beg,end)区间的数据，返回下一个数据的位置
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333,444,555,666 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "erase 前遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 18 cout << "erase 后，用其返回值遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.erase(++listInt.begin(), --listInt.end()); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 24 cout << endl; 25 cout << "erase 后遍历 listInt："; 26 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 27 { 28 cout << *it << " "; 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
打印结果：
erase(pos);
//删除pos位置的数据，返回下一个数据的位置
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,333,444,555,666 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "erase 前遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 18 cout << "erase 后，用其返回值遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.erase(++listInt.begin()); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 24 cout << endl; 25 cout << "erase 后遍历 listInt："; 26 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 27 { 28 cout << *it << " "; 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
打印结果：
remove(elem);
//删除容器中所有与elem值匹配的元素
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,111,333,111,444 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "erase 前遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 listInt.remove(111); 18 cout << "remove 后遍历 listInt："; 19 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 20 { 21 cout << *it << " "; 22 } 23 24 return 0; 25 }
打印结果：
还有一种遍历删除法：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <list> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int num[] = { 111,222,111,333,111,444 }; 9 list<int> listInt(num, num + size(num)); 10 cout << "erase 前遍历 listInt："; 11 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 12 { 13 cout << *it << " "; 14 } 15 cout << endl; 16 17 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end();) 18 { 19 if (*it == 111) 20 { 21 it = listInt.erase(it); 22 } 23 else 24 { 25 it++; 26 } 27 } 28 29 cout << "erase 后遍历 listInt："; 30 for (list<int>::iterator it = listInt.begin(); it != listInt.end(); it++) 31 { 32 cout << *it << " "; 33 } 34 35 return 0; 36 }
打印结果：
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