V3 - 语态 Passive（is/done/was done）Passive2(be done/been done/ being done) Teacher:Lamb

课上内容（Lesson)

What 什么是语态？  语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

 

Why 为什么要用被动语态？

1. 突出重点想表达的事

2. 用于强调

3. 责任外国人的思维逻辑，国外的逻辑更常用语被动句

PS： 时态/语态 并无直接关系，只是恰巧他们都有过去分词。

 

How 如何使用被动语态？了解被动语态之前你先要知道什么是主动语态。

e.g.   

Somebody built this house in 1981.(active)  有人在1981年建造了这座房子。  # 但是，实际我们在聊天的时候不一定都清楚是谁、什么原因、通常不知道或者不重要

subject                  object

 

This house was built in 1981. (passive)   这座房子建于1981年。       # 所以，这个时候用被动句会感觉说的话更有意义，而不会像（active）一样还去关注subject

 subject

 

Compare Passive & Active 

1. Present simple: 

e.g.

Some body cleans this room every day.

This room is cleaned every day.

 

Active：  clean(s)/see(s) etc.       # 主动语态需要注意三单

Passive: am/is/are + cleaned/seen etc.

 

2. Past simple:

e.g.

Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.      # 这里的cleaned 是过去式

This room was cleaned yesterday.               # 这里的cleaned 是过去分词

Active： cleand/saw etc.

Passive: was/were + cleaned/seen etc.

 

3. infinitive:  不定式 to be / 情态动词 + 动词原形

e.g.

Somebody will clean this room later.

This room will be cleaned later.

Active：   (to) do/ clean /see etc.

Passive:  (to) be + done / cleaned /seen etc.

 

4. Perfect infinitive: 动词不定式的完成式

e.g. 

Somebody should have cleaned the room.

The room should have been cleaned.

Active: (to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc.

Passive: (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc.

 

5. Present perfect

e.g.

The room looks nice.Somebody has cleaned it.

The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.

Active: have/has + done etc.

Passive: have/ has been + done etc.

 

6. Past perfect

e.g. 

The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it.

The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.

Active: had + done etc.

Passive: had been + done etc.

 

7. Present continuous

e.g.

Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.

The room is being cleaned at the moment.

Active: am/is/are + (do)ing

Passive: am/is/are + being (done)

 

8. Past continuous

e.g.

Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.

The room was being cleaned when I arrived.

Active: was/were + (do)ing

Passive: was/were + being(done)

 

 

词汇（Key Word ）

invite  v.邀请

invent  vt.发明

brother n.兄弟

bother n. 麻烦；烦恼  vt. 烦扰，打扰；使……不安；使……恼怒  vi. 操心，麻烦；烦恼

 

 

句型（Sentences）

 

语法（Grammar）