Java动态代理
代理模式
为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问,中介，可去掉功能服务或增加额外的服务
1. 常见代理
**远程代理:** 为不同地理的对象提供局域网代表对象虚拟代理: 根据需要将资源消耗很大的对象进行延迟 真正需要的时候进行创建
保护代理: 权限控制
智能引用代理: 提供额外服务
静态代理:代理和被代理对象在代理之前是确定的。他们都实现相同的接口或者相同的抽象类
2. 动态代理实现原理
实现功能: 通过Proxy的newProxyInstance返回代理对象
<1>声明一段源码
<2>编译源码(JDK Complier API)，产生新的类(代理类)
<3>将这类load到内存中，产生一个新的对象(代理对象)
<4>return代理对象
<5>调用顺序
根据Proxy.newInstance()传入的参数动态生成.class -->
返回代理类 --> 然后用接口接收返回引用 --> 方法调用
3. 源码分析
Proxy静态方法newProxyInstance
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[]interfaces,InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException {
// 检查 h 不为空，否则抛异常
if (h == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
// 获得与指定类装载器和一组接口相关的代理类类型对象
Class cl = getProxyClass(loader, interfaces);
// 通过反射获取构造函数对象并生成代理类实例
try {
Constructor cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
return (Object) cons.newInstance(new Object[] { h });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());
} catch (InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());
}
}
类Proxy的getProxyClass方法调用ProxyGenerator的 generateProxyClass方法产生ProxySubject.class的二进制数据：
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name, Class[] interfaces)
我们可以import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator，调用 generateProxyClass方法产生binary data，然后写入文件，最后通过反编译工具来查看内部实现原理。 反编译后的ProxySubject.java Proxy静态方法newProxyInstance
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public final class ProxySubject extends Proxy
implements Subject
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
public ProxySubject(InvocationHandler invocationhandler)
{
super(invocationhandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object obj)
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] {
obj
})).booleanValue();
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final int hashCode()
{
try
{
return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final void doSomething()
{
try
{
super.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
return;
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final String toString()
{
try
{
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] {
Class.forName("java.lang.Object")
});
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("doSomething", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
}
catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage());
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage());
}
}
}
ProxyGenerator内部是如何生成class二进制数据，可以参考源代码。
private byte[] generateClassFile() {
/*
* Record that proxy methods are needed for the hashCode, equals,
* and toString methods of java.lang.Object. This is done before
* the methods from the proxy interfaces so that the methods from
* java.lang.Object take precedence over duplicate methods in the
* proxy interfaces.
*/
addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
/*
* Now record all of the methods from the proxy interfaces, giving
* earlier interfaces precedence over later ones with duplicate
* methods.
*/
for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
Method[] methods = interfaces[i].getMethods();
for (int j = 0; j < methods.length; j++) {
addProxyMethod(methods[j], interfaces[i]);
}
}
/*
* For each set of proxy methods with the same signature,
* verify that the methods' return types are compatible.
*/
for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
checkReturnTypes(sigmethods);
}
/* ============================================================
* Step 2: Assemble FieldInfo and MethodInfo structs for all of
* fields and methods in the class we are generating.
*/
try {
methods.add(generateConstructor());
for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {
// add static field for method's Method object
fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName,
"Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;",
ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC));
// generate code for proxy method and add it
methods.add(pm.generateMethod());
}
}
methods.add(generateStaticInitializer());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");
}
/* ============================================================
* Step 3: Write the final class file.
*/
/*
* Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
* following items before starting to write the final class file.
*/
cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className));
cp.getClass(superclassName);
for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
cp.getClass(dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName()));
}
/*
* Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since
* we are about to write the final constant pool table.
*/
cp.setReadOnly();
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);
try {
/*
* Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure.
* See JVMS section 4.1.
*/
// u4 magic;
dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);
// u2 minor_version;
dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION);
// u2 major_version;
dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION);
cp.write(dout); // (write constant pool)
// u2 access_flags;
dout.writeShort(ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SUPER);
// u2 this_class;
dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)));
// u2 super_class;
dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName));
// u2 interfaces_count;
dout.writeShort(interfaces.length);
// u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];
for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(
dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName())));
}
// u2 fields_count;
dout.writeShort(fields.size());
// field_info fields[fields_count];
for (FieldInfo f : fields) {
f.write(dout);
}
// u2 methods_count;
dout.writeShort(methods.size());
// method_info methods[methods_count];
for (MethodInfo m : methods) {
m.write(dout);
}
// u2 attributes_count;
dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes)
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");
}
return bout.toByteArray();
