with用法
with[wIT] prep.
1.与…(在)一起,带着:Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。/ I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。/ Do you want to walk home with me? 你愿意和我一道走回家吗
2.(表带有或拥有)有…的,持有,随身带着:I have no money with me. 我没有带钱。/ He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。/ We bought a house with a garden. 我们买了一座带花园的房子。/ China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
3.(表方式、手段或工具)以,用:He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。/ She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
4.(表材料或内容)以,用:Fill the glass with wine. 把杯子装满酒。/ The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。
5.(表状态)在…的情况下,…地:He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。/ I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难,我还是做完了功课。
6.(表让步)尽管,虽然:With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,他并不快乐。/ With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力,他还是输了那场比赛。
7.(表条件)若是,如果:With your permission, I’ll go. 如蒙你同意我就去。
8.(表原因或理由)因为,由于:He is tired with work. 他工作做累了。/ At the news we all jumped with joy. 听到这消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。
9.(表时间)当…的时候,在…之后:With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。/ With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
10. (表同时或随同)与…一起,随着:The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
11.(表伴随或附带情况)同时:I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。/ Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
12.赞成,同意:I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
13.由…照看,交…管理,把…放在某处:I left a message for you with your secretary. 我给你留了个信儿交给你的秘书了。/ The keys are with reception. 钥匙放在接待处。
14 (表连同或包含)连用,包含:The meal with wine came to £8 each. 那顿饭连酒每人8英镑。/ With preparation and marking a teacher works 12 hours a day. 一位老师连备课带批改作业每天工作12小时。
15. (表对象或关系)对,关于,就…而言,对…来说:He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。/ The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。/ It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
16.(表对立或敌对)跟,以…为对手:The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。/ He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
17.(在祈使句中与副词连用):Away with him! 带他走!/ Off with your clothes! 脱掉衣服!/ Down with your money! 交出钱来!
【用法】
1.表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以,用),注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配,如“用英语”习惯上用in English,而不是with English。
2.与某些抽象名词连用时,其作用相当于一个副词:with care=carefully 认真地 / with kindness=kindly 亲切地 / with joy=joyfully 高兴地 / with anger=angrily 生气地 / with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地 / with ease=easily 容易地 / with delight=delightedly 高兴地 / with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
3.表示条件时,根据情况可与虚拟语气连用:With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点,我就买得起了。/ With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些,我们完成这项工作还要快些。
4.比较with和as:两者均可表示“随着”,但前者是介词,后者是连词:He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长,他会进步的。/ People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了,人们的观念也会变化。
5.介词with和to均可表示“对”,但各自的搭配不同,注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错,如在kind, polite, rude, good, married等形容词后通常不接介词with而接to。
6.复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构,它在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等:I went out with the windows open. 我外出时没有关窗户。/ He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。/ He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。/ He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。/ The old man sat there with a basket beside her. 老人坐在那儿,身边放着一个篮子。/ He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。/ He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。/ I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。这类结构也常用于名词后作定语:The boy with nothing on is her son. 没穿衣服的这个男孩子是她儿子。