音视频处理
之前介绍的系统声音服务(System Sound Services)提供了一个接口,用于播放不超过30秒的声音。要进一步使用iOS的音频功能,有两个框架:Media Player和AV Foundation。
Media Player框架
Media Player框架用于播放本地和远程资源中的视频和音频。在应用程序中,可使用它来打开模态iPod界面、选择歌曲以及控制播放。这个框架让您能够与设备提供的所有内置多媒体功能集成。
框架有5个常用类:
MPMoviePlayerController — 电影播放器控制器。
MPMusicPlayerController — 音乐播放器控制器。
MPMediaPickerController — 向用户提供用于选择要播放的多媒体的界面。您可以筛选媒体选择器显示的文件,也可以让用户从多媒体库中选择文件。
MPMediaItem — 单个多媒体项,如一首歌曲。
MPMediaItemCollection — 多媒体项集合。MPMediaPickerController实例提供一个MPMediaItemCollection实例,可在下一个类(音乐播放器控制器)中直接使用它。
要使用任何多媒体播放器功能,都必须导入框架Media Player:
#import <MediaPlayer/MediaPlayer.h>
电影播放器(MPMoviePlayerController)示例:
#import "ViewController.h" #import <MediaPlayer/MediaPlayer.h> @interface ViewController () - (IBAction)btnPlayerClickHandler:(id)sender; @property (strong, nonatomic) MPMoviePlayerController *moviePlayer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSString *strFile = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"movie1" ofType:@"mp4"]; self.moviePlayer = [[MPMoviePlayerController alloc] initWithContentURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:strFile]]; self.moviePlayer.allowsAirPlay = YES; [self.moviePlayer.view setFrame:CGRectMake(50.0, 50.0, 240.0, 200.0)]; [self.view addSubview:self.moviePlayer.view]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(playMovieFinished:) name:MPMoviePlayerPlaybackDidFinishNotification object:self.moviePlayer]; } - (IBAction)btnPlayerClickHandler:(id)sender { [self.moviePlayer play]; } - (void)playMovieFinished:(NSNotification *)theNotification { MPMoviePlayerController *player = [theNotification object]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:MPMoviePlayerPlaybackDidFinishNotification object:player]; [player.view removeFromSuperview]; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } @end
有两个细节需要注意:
1. MPMoviePlayerController实例要添加成属性(@property)。
2. 将视频文件添加到项目时,要勾选“add to targets”。
电影播放器播放完文件时,可能需要做些清理工作,包括将电影播放器从视图中删除。为此,可使用NSNotificationCenter类注册一个”观察者”,该观察者将监视来自对象moviePlayer的特定通知,并在收到这种通知时调用指定的方法。
音乐播放器(MPMusicPlayerController)示例:
#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblPlayingSong; @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblSongList; - (IBAction)btnPlayClickHandler:(id)sender; - (IBAction)btnPickerClickHandler:(id)sender; @property (nonatomic, strong) MPMusicPlayerController *musicPlayer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.musicPlayer = [MPMusicPlayerController iPodMusicPlayer]; } - (IBAction)btnPlayClickHandler:(id)sender { if(self.musicPlayer.playbackState==MPMusicPlaybackStatePaused||self.musicPlayer.playbackState==MPMusicPlaybackStateStopped) { [self.musicPlayer play]; } else if(self.musicPlayer.playbackState==MPMusicPlaybackStatePlaying) { [self.musicPlayer pause]; } // [self.musicPlayer stop]; // [self.musicPlayer skipToBeginning]; // [self.musicPlayer skipToPreviousItem]; // [self.musicPlayer skipToNextItem]; //列出当前播放歌曲 self.lblPlayingSong.text = [self.musicPlayer.nowPlayingItem valueForProperty:MPMediaItemPropertyTitle]; // MPMediaItemPropertyArtist -- 艺术家 // MPMediaItemPropertyGenre -- 流派 // MPMediaItemPropertyLyrics -- 歌词 } - (IBAction)btnPickerClickHandler:(id)sender { MPMediaPickerController *mediaPicker = [[MPMediaPickerController alloc] initWithMediaTypes:MPMediaTypeMusic]; // MPMediaTypePodcast; // MPMediaTypeAnyAudio; mediaPicker.prompt = @"Choose Songs"; mediaPicker.allowsPickingMultipleItems = YES; mediaPicker.delegate = self; [self presentViewController:mediaPicker animated:YES completion:nil]; } - (void)mediaPicker:(MPMediaPickerController *)mediaPicker didPickMediaItems:(MPMediaItemCollection *)mediaItemCollection { [self.musicPlayer setQueueWithItemCollection:mediaItemCollection]; //列出选择歌曲清单 NSMutableString *strTitle = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@""]; for(MPMediaItem *item in [mediaItemCollection items]) { [strTitle appendString:[item valueForProperty:MPMediaItemPropertyTitle]]; [strTitle appendString:@"\n"]; } self.lblSongList.text = strTitle; [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil]; } - (void)mediaPickerDidCancel:(MPMediaPickerController *)mediaPicker { [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil]; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } @end
AV Foundation框架
虽然Media Player框架可满足所有普通多媒体播放需求,但Apple推荐使用AV Foundation框架来实现大部分系统声音服务不支持的、超过30秒的音频播放功能。另外,AV Foundation框架还提供了录音功能。
要在应用程序中添加音频播放和录音功能,只需要两个新类:
AVAudioRecorder — 以各种不同的格式将声音录制到内存或设备本地文件中。
AVAudioPlayer — 播放任意长度的音频。
要使用AV Foundation框架,必须将其加入到项目中,再导入两个接口文件:
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> #import <CoreAudio/CoreAudioTypes.h>
CoreAudioTypes.h定义了多种音频类型,便于在代码中通过名称引用。
播放声音文件示例:
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> #import <CoreAudio/CoreAudioTypes.h> @interface ViewController : UIViewController <AVAudioPlayerDelegate> @end
#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @property (nonatomic,strong) AVAudioPlayer *audioPlayer; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSString *strSoundFile = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"mymusic" ofType:@"mp3"]; self.audioPlayer = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:strSoundFile] error:nil]; self.audioPlayer.delegate = self; [self.audioPlayer play]; } - (void)audioPlayerDidFinishPlaying:(AVAudioPlayer *)player successfully:(BOOL)flag { NSLog(@"播放结束"); } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } @end
在应用程序中录制音频需要指定用于存储录音的文件(NSURL),配置要创建的声音文件参数(NSDictionary),再使用上述文件和设置分配并初始化一个AVAudioRecorder实例。
如果不想将录音文件持久性保存,可以录音存在到tmp目录,这样当app退出时,该录音可能被自动删除;否则,应存储到Documents目录。下面的代码创建了一个NSURL,它指向temp目录中的文件sound0605.caf:
NSURL *soundFileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingString:@"sound0605.caf"]];
然后创建一个NSDictionary,它包含录制的音频的设置:
NSDictionary *soundSetting = @{AVSampleRateKey:@44100.0F, AVFormatIDKey:@(kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC), AVNumberOfChannelsKey:@2, AVEncoderAudioQualityKey:@(AVAudioQualityHigh) };
AVSampleRateKey — 录音机每秒采集的音频样本数。
AVFormatIDKey — 录音的格式。
AVNumberOfChannelsKey — 录音的声道数。例如,立体声为双声道。
AVEncoderAudioQualityKey — 编码器的质量设置。
要了解更多的设置,可以参考Xcode开发文档中的AVAudioRecorder Class Reference(滚动到Constants部分)。
指定声音文件和设置后,就可创建AV录音机实例并开始录音了:
AVAudioRecorder *soundRecorder = [[AVAudioRecorder alloc] initWithURL:soundFileURL settings:soundSetting error:nil];
[soundRecorder record];
录制声音文件并播放示例:
#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *btnRecord; @property (nonatomic,strong) AVAudioRecorder *soundRecorder; @property (nonatomic,strong) AVAudioPlayer *audioPlayer; - (IBAction)btnRecordClickHandler:(id)sender; - (IBAction)btnPlayRecordHandler:(id)sender; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; //Setup the audio recorder [[AVAudioSession sharedInstance] setCategory: AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord error: nil]; NSURL *soundFileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingString:@"sound0605.caf"]]; NSDictionary *soundSetting = @{AVSampleRateKey:@44100.0F, AVFormatIDKey:@(kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC), AVNumberOfChannelsKey:@2, AVEncoderAudioQualityKey:@(AVAudioQualityHigh) }; NSError* error = NULL; self.soundRecorder = [[AVAudioRecorder alloc] initWithURL:soundFileURL settings:soundSetting error:&error]; NSLog(@"Error: %@", error); } - (IBAction)btnRecordClickHandler:(id)sender { if([self.btnRecord.titleLabel.text isEqualToString:@"录制"]) { [self.soundRecorder record]; [self.btnRecord setTitle:@"暂停" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; } else { [self.soundRecorder stop]; [self.btnRecord setTitle:@"录制" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; } } - (IBAction)btnPlayRecordHandler:(id)sender { NSURL *recordFile = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingString:@"sound0605.caf"]]; self.audioPlayer = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:recordFile error:nil]; [self.audioPlayer play]; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } @end
P.s. 上面的代码每次点击播放时,都会分配并初始化一个新的AVAudioPlayer实例,其实不用担心带来的内存问题,因为每次新建音频播放器时,指向旧播放器的引用都将被删除,即ARC自动释放占用的内存。然后,如果您担心这一点,可实现AVAudioPlayer委托方法audioPlayerDidFinishPlaying:successfully,在其中将对象audioPlayer设置为nil。
播放包含在应用程序束中的音频时,应使用AVAudioPlayer;而播放音乐库中的文件时,应使Media Player框架的MPMusicPlayerController。虽然MPMusicPlayerController也能够播放本地文件,但其主要用途是集成现有的音乐库多媒体。