SpringMVC-11-文件上传和下载
11. 文件上传和下载
准备工作
springMVC可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下不能处理文件上传工作。如果想实现,必须在上下文配置MultipartResolver。
前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须使用POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。浏览器可以把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器。
对表单的enctype属性的详细说明
- application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理value值,表单域中的值会处理成URL编码。
- multipart/form-data:二进制流的方式处理表单数据。封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。
- text/plain:除了把空格转换成+号,其他字符不做编码处理,这种方式适合直接通过表单发送邮件。
Apache发布开源的Commons FileUpload组件:
- Servlet 3.0规范已经提供方法来处理文件上传;
- SpringMVC提供了更简单的封装;
- 即插即用的MultipartResolver实现了这个功能;
- SpringMVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类。
文件上传
-
导入文件上传的jar包,commons-fileupload,Maven会自动帮我们导入她的依赖包 commons-io包:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> </dependency>
-
配置bean:multipartResolver
【注意!这个bean的id必须是multipartResolver,否则文件会报404】
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!--请求的编码格式 必须和jsp的pageEncoding一致--> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/> <!--上传文件的大小上限 10M--> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/> </bean>
CommonsMultipartFile
的常用方法:
- String getOriginalFilename():获取上传文件的原名;
- InputStream getInputStream():获取文件流
- void transferTo(File dest):将上传文件保存到一个目录文件
-
编写前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"> <input type="submit" value="upload"> </form> </body> </html>
-
Controller
@RequestMapping("/upload") public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { String uploadFilename = file.getOriginalFilename(); if("".equals(uploadFilename)){ return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } System.out.println("上传文件名:"+uploadFilename); String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()) realPath.mkdir(); System.out.println("文件保存地址:"+realPath); InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath, uploadFilename)); int len=0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); os.flush(); } os.close(); is.close(); return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }
采用file.Transto来保存上传的文件
-
编写Controller
@RequestMapping("/upload2") public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()) realPath.mkdir(); System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath); file.transferTo(new File(realPath + "/" + file.getOriginalFilename())); return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }
-
前端表单提交地址修改
-
访问提交测试
文件下载
步骤:
- 设置response请求头
- 读取文件--InputStream
- 写出文件--OutputStream
- 执行操作
- 关闭流
@RequestMapping("/download")
public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
String fileName="基础语法.jpg";
response.reset();
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
File file = new File(path, fileName);
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int index=0;
while((index=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
outputStream.write(buffer,0,index);
outputStream.flush();
}
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
return null;
}