xlrd学习使用

安装xlrd

# windows 安装
pip install xlrd
# mac 安装
pip3 install xlrd

使用xlrd

1.导入xlrd

import xlrd

2.打开excel

# 添加文件路径
excel_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), r'data\test_data.xlsx')
# 打开excel
excel_file = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_path)

3.获取一个工作表

# 根据sheet索引或者名称获取sheet内容，同时获取sheet名称、行数、列数
# 通过索引顺序获取
sheet1_index = excel_file.sheet_by_index(0)
print(sheet1_index.name, sheet1_index.nrows, sheet1_index.ncols)
# 通过名称获取
sheet1_name = excel_file.sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
print(sheet1_name.name, sheet1_name.nrows, sheet1_name.ncols)x

 4.获取表单某行、某列的内容

# 根据sheet名称或索引获取整行和整列的值
rows = sheet1_name.row_values(0)
cols = sheet1_index.col_values(0)
print(rows)
print(cols)

 5.获取指定单元格数据

print(sheet1_name.cell(1,0))
print(sheet1_name.cell_value(1,0))
print(sheet1_name.row(0)[3].value)
print(sheet1_name.col(2)[1].value)

6.循环行列表数据

nrows = sheet1_name.nrows
for x in range(nrows):
    print(sheet1_name.row_values(x))

读取合并单元格的cell

测试合并单元格的.xlsx

用xlrd普通的做法操作合并单元格

import os
import xlrd

excel_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), r'data\test_data.xlsx')
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_path)
sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
# 读取数据
print('value1:',sheet.cell_value(0,0))
print('value2:',sheet.cell_value(1,0))
print('value3:',sheet.cell_value(2,0))
print('value4:',sheet.cell_value(3,0))

读取内容

value1: 事件
value2: 学习python编程
value3: 
value4: 

总结：每一个合并单元格，只有左上角的那个cell（行列最小）能够读出值，其它cell都是empty。这就是xlrd模块读取合并单元格的特点。

获取merged_cells

import os
import xlrd

excel_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), r'data\test_data.xlsx')
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_path)
sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
merged = sheet.merged_cells
print(merged)

打印内容：

[(1, 5, 0, 1), (3, 5, 3, 4)]

总结：merged_cells 返回的是一个列表，每一个元素是合并单元格的位置信息的数组，数组包含四个元素（起始行，结束行，起始列，结束列）

判断cell是否在合并单元格内

def inMerged(row,col):
    for merged in sheet.merged_cells:
        if (row >= merged[0] and row <merged[1] and col >= merged[2] and col <merged[3]):
            return True
    return False
print(inMerged(1,0))
print(inMerged(2,0))
print(inMerged(0,0))

True
True
False

读取合并单元格内的cell

def cell_real_value(row,col):
    for merged in sheet.merged_cells:
        if (row >= merged[0] and row < merged[1] and col >= merged[2] and col < merged[3]):
            return sheet.cell_value(merged[0],merged[2])
    return sheet.cell_value(row,col)

print(cell_real_value(0,0))

print(cell_real_value(1,0))
print(cell_real_value(2,0))

print(cell_real_value(3,3))
print(cell_real_value(4,3))

事件
学习python编程
学习python编程
100.0
100.0

总结：

if (row >= merged[0] and row < merged[1] and col >= merged[2] and col < merged[3])
代码遍历了合并单元格的index，如果在单元格内，就输出合并单元格初始的merged_row_index和merged_col_index的值
如果不是，则输出row , col 本身的index的值

参考地址：https://www.pynote.net/archives/744
　　　　　https://www.cnblogs.com/dream66/p/13198686.html