Visual C++ 2011-5-24

 

一.公共对话框

文档很详细

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646954(VS.85).aspx

二.获取操作系统版本

OSVERSIONINFO osvi;
ZeroMemory(&osvi, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);

GetVersionEx(&osvi);

三.AfxIsValid函数'

1.AfxIsValidAddress

Tests any memory address to ensure that it is contained entirely within the program's memory space.

// Allocate a 5 character array, which should have a valid memory address.
char* arr = new char[5];

// Create a null pointer, which should be an invalid memory address.
char* null = (char*)0x0;

ASSERT(AfxIsValidAddress(arr, 5));
ASSERT(AfxIsValidAddress(null, 5));

2.AfxIsValidString

Use this function to determine whether a pointer to a string is valid.

// Create a character string which should be valid.
char str[12] = "hello world";

// Create a null pointer, which should be an invalid string.
char* null = (char*)0x0;

ASSERT(AfxIsValidString(str, 12));
ASSERT(!AfxIsValidString(null, 5));   

四.钩子的类型

http://www.cppblog.com/sleepwom/archive/2010/02/03/107094.html

五.c的函数多参数类型

即用在函数中用…标识多个未知参数,然后用va_list,va_start,va_arg,va_end指令来读取数据.读取时的数据顺序和类型不可以错乱

void testit ( int i, ...)
{
   va_list argptr;
   va_start(argptr, i);

   int n = va_arg( argptr, int );
   char *s = va_arg( argptr, char* );
   va_end(argptr);
}

int main()
{
   testit( 0, 10,"aaa" ); 
}

参考:http://blog.csdn.net/mader/archive/2007/08/20/1751893.aspx

六.Shell Path函数

1.PathRemoveFileSpec

Removes the trailing file name and backslash from a path, if they are present.

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream.h>
#include "Shlwapi.h"

void main( void )
{
// Path to include file spec.
char buffer_1[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr1;
lpStr1 = buffer_1;

// Print the path with the file spec.
cout << "The path with file spec is          : " << lpStr1 << endl;

// Call to "PathRemoveFileSpec".
PathRemoveFileSpec(lpStr1);

// Print the path without the file spec.
cout << "\nThe path without file spec is       : " << lpStr1 << endl;
}

OUTPUT:
==================
The path with file spec is          : C:\TEST\sample.txt

The path without file spec is       : C:\TEST

其他函数：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/bb773559(en-us,VS.85).aspx

七.注册表读取项

1.用RegQueryInfoKey函数读取一个项的相关信息,大部分为输出变量，可以根据需要获取，不需要的设置为NULL

    // Get the class name and the value count. 
    retCode = RegQueryInfoKey(
        hKey,                    // key handle 
        achClass,                // buffer for class name 
        &cchClassName,           // size of class string 
        NULL,                    // reserved 
        &cSubKeys,               // number of subkeys 
        &cbMaxSubKey,            // longest subkey size 
        &cchMaxClass,            // longest class string 
        &cValues,                // number of values for this key 
        &cchMaxValue,            // longest value name 
        &cbMaxValueData,         // longest value data 
        &cbSecurityDescriptor,   // security descriptor 
        &ftLastWriteTime);       // last write time 

2.遍历项键值

2.1遍历key

for (i=0; i<cSubKeys; i++) 
{ 
    cbName = MAX_KEY_LENGTH;
    retCode = RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, i,
             achKey, 
             &cbName, 
             NULL, 
             NULL, 
             NULL, 
             &ftLastWriteTime); 
    if (retCode == ERROR_SUCCESS) 
    {
        _tprintf(TEXT("(%d) %s\n"), i+1, achKey);
    }
}

2.2遍历值

for (i=0, retCode=ERROR_SUCCESS; i<cValues; i++) 
{ 
    cchValue = MAX_VALUE_NAME; 
    achValue[0] = '\0'; 
    retCode = RegEnumValue(hKey, i, 
        achValue, 
        &cchValue, 
        NULL, 
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL);
 
    if (retCode == ERROR_SUCCESS ) 
    { 
        _tprintf(TEXT("(%d) %s\n"), i+1, achValue); 
    } 
}

八.预处理命令的使用技巧

1.下面的Release只有动态的时候才知道,这犹如动态语言,但与动态语言不同的是,在编译过程中检测出了错误,这实际上是一个展开的过程的.

#define SAFE_RELEASE(p)  { if(p) { p.Release(); (p)=NULL; } }

2.动态更改变量,AddNum给改变了i变量,那么i就是一个变量约定

#define AddNum() { i++;}

int main( void )
{
int i=0;
AddNum();
}

3.用宏调用函数,记得是函数,不是bool变量,这实质跟c#的委托是一个概念的用法

#define SAFE_FUN(p)  { p(); }

bool test()
{
    return 1;
}
int main( void )
{
    SAFE_FUN(test);

}

4.用宏跳转

一般都不推荐使用挑战,但个人感觉这种跳转方式很好

#define GOTO_IF_(type, expr, func, e_val, s_val, var, label)    \
        do                                                        \
        {                                                        \
            type temp = (expr);                                    \
            if( func(temp) )                                    \
            {                                                    \
                var = e_val;                                    \
                goto label;                                        \
            }                                                    \
            else var = s_val;                                    \
        } while ( false )
#define GOTO_IF_FALSE(expr)            GOTO_IF_(bool, expr, !, E_FAIL, S_OK, hr, Exit)

bool test()
{
    return 1;
}
int main( void )
{
    HRESULT hr;
    GOTO_IF_FALSE(test());
    Exit:
    return hr;
}

九.资源的加载

MAKEINTRESOURCE是加载本地程序的资源,可以理解为当调用LoadString时,第一个参数是NULL的,所以MAKEINTRESOURCE不能用于多国语言

//加载DLL
HINSTANCE hModule = LoadLibrary(_T("test.dll"));
if (hModule == NULL)
{
    AfxMessageBox(_T("test.dll加载失败\n"));
    return;
}

//加载字符串资源
 CString strText = _T("");
 if (::LoadString(hModule, 1000, strText.GetBuffer(256), 256) != 0)
{
    //设置标题
    SetWindowText(strText);
}
...

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/liuweijian/archive/2011/01/20/1940665.html
http://blog.csdn.net/John_Yang/archive/2010/05/02/5549400.aspx

十.使用DLL中的MFC对话框

在DLL中必须调用以下代码

AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState());