cobbler
cobbler
cobler部署
部署yum源和epel源
#yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#epel源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
安装cobbler和相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y module enable cobbler:3
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
设置服务开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
关闭防火墙和selinux并重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Disabled
修改IP地址
#修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.118.137/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
#修改tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.118.137/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'cobbler123'
$1$7679$BLBmPjVum5WlpQWbrFNM50
将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
...
default_password_crypted: "$1$7679$BLBmPjVum5WlpQWbrFNM50"
//""内加入刚生成的加密密码
...
将cobbler的dhcp功能打开,并重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'manage_dhcp:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true
#重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
问题1解决办法:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
问题2和3解决办法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils
问题4和问题5可以忽略
因为是debian系统才需要解决，显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents
配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.118.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.118.2;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.118.100 192.168.118.110;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-24_180645_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Sep 24 18:06:45 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
管理distro
#挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
#导入镜像(切勿tab)
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=daxinyu arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-24_191110_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Sep 24 19:11:10 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu:
creating new distro: daxinyu-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu -> /var/www/cobbler/links/daxinyu-x86_64
creating new profile: daxinyu-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu for daxinyu-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
#查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
daxinyu-x86_64
profiles:
daxinyu-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
#查看详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name daxinyu-x86_64
Name : daxinyu-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/daxinyu-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
#创建kickstarts自动安装脚本（文件以.ks结尾，勿tab）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name daxinyu-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/daxinyu.ks
#对脚本进行修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/daxinyu.ks
...
firewall --disable //关闭防火墙
...
%packages
@^minimal-environment //添加次行设置为最小化安装
%end
...
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/templates/daxinyu.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disable
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.118.137/cblr/links/daxinyu-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.118.137/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.118.137/cobbler/distro_mirror/daxinyu/BaseOS
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$7679$BLBmPjVum5WlpQWbrFNM50
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
@^minimal-environment
%end
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1
%end
%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1
# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.118.137/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/daxinyu-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
# End yum configuration
# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code
# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.118.137" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.118.137" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration
# Enable post-install boot notification
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.118.137/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/daxinyu-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
如果是真实环境，那么部署就已经完成，如果是虚拟机就还需执行以下步骤
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
[root@localhost bin]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0
进行同步
[root@localhost bin]# cobbler sync
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
重启服务
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd
进行测试
新建一台虚拟机
选择自定义安装
稍后安装操作系统
版本选择centos8
后续默认即可
开启虚拟机进来后就可以自动获取ip选择我们刚才上传的镜像
回车选择后开始安装
安装完毕，登录查看ip
web界面自动安装
再创建一个centos虚拟机
指定网卡mac地址为web页面生成的mac地址
保存开启虚拟机
后续安装不用我们任何操作
安装完成后登录查看名称和IP
