部署httpd,三种不同的虚拟机,https

部署配置httpd

httpd

httpd是Apache超文本传输协议（HTTP）服务器的主程序。被设计为一个独立运行的后台进程，它会建立一个处理请求的子进程或线程的池。

httpd的两大版本，httpd-2.2和httpd-2.4。

CentOS6系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.2版本的rpm包
CentOS7系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.4版本的rpm包

httpd有很多特性，下面就分别来说说httpd-2.2版本和httpd-2.4版本各自的特性。

版本	特性
2.2	事事先创建进程按需维持适当的进程模块化设计，核心比较小，各种功能通过模块添加（包括PHP），支持运行时配置，支持单独编译模块支持多种方式的虚拟主机配置，如基于ip的虚拟主机，基于端口的虚拟主机，基于域名的虚拟主机等支持https协议（通过mod_ssl模块实现）支持用户认证支持基于IP或域名的ACL访问控制机制支持每目录的访问控制（用户访问默认主页时不需要提供用户名和密码，但是用户访问某特定目录时需要提供用户名和密码）支持URL重写支持MPM（Multi Path Modules，多处理模块）。用于定义httpd的工作模型（单进程、单进程多线程、多进程、多进程单线程、多进程多线程）
2.4	httpd-2.4的新特性： MPM支持运行DSO机制（Dynamic Share Object，模块的动态装/卸载机制），以模块形式按需加载支持event MPM，eventMPM模块生产环境可用支持异步读写支持每个模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别每个请求相关的专业配置，使用来配置增强版的表达式分析器支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令支持用户自定义变量支持新的指令（AllowOverrideList）降低对内存的消耗

版本

特性

2.2

事事先创建进程
按需维持适当的进程
模块化设计，核心比较小，各种功能通过模块添加（包括PHP），支持运行时配置，支持单独编译模块
支持多种方式的虚拟主机配置，如基于ip的虚拟主机，基于端口的虚拟主机，基于域名的虚拟主机等
支持https协议（通过mod_ssl模块实现）
支持用户认证
支持基于IP或域名的ACL访问控制机制
支持每目录的访问控制（用户访问默认主页时不需要提供用户名和密码，但是用户访问某特定目录时需要提供用户名和密码）
支持URL重写
支持MPM（Multi Path Modules，多处理模块）。用于定义httpd的工作模型（单进程、单进程多线程、多进程、多进程单线程、多进程多线程）

2.4

httpd-2.4的新特性：
MPM支持运行DSO机制（Dynamic Share Object，模块的动态装/卸载机制），以模块形式按需加载
支持event MPM，eventMPM模块生产环境可用
支持异步读写
支持每个模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别
每个请求相关的专业配置，使用来配置
增强版的表达式分析器
支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout
基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
支持用户自定义变量
支持新的指令（AllowOverrideList）
降低对内存的消耗

httpd-2.4新增的模块

httpd-2.4在之前的版本基础上新增了几大模块，下面就几个常用的来介绍一下。

模块	功能
mod_proxy_fcgi	反向代理时支持apache服务器后端协议的模块
mod_ratelimit	提供速率限制功能的模块
mod_remoteip	基于ip的访问控制机制被改变，不再支持使用Order，Deny，Allow来做基于IP的访问控制

编译安装httpd

安装开发环境

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool libxml2-devel

下载并编译安装apr-1.7.0+和apr-util-1.6.1+

//下载
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

//解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1

//编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.7.0/
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vi configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行注释掉
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ls /usr/local/apr/
bin build-1 include lib

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/
bin include lib

编译安装httpd

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
--2022-10-17 18:38:35--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 119.96.90.243, 58.49.162.242, 58.49.162.241, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|119.96.90.243|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9743277 (9.3M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz'

httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz  100%[======================>]   9.29M  1.04MB/s    in 9.3s    

2022-10-17 18:38:44 (1.00 MB/s) - 'httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz' saved [9743277/9743277]


[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.54/
@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --withapr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most -enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin cgi-bin error icons logs manual
build conf htdocs include man modules

配置环境变量

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which apachectl //查看环境变量是否设置成功
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/inclu[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/man_db.conf
# every automatically generated MANPATH includes these fields
#
#MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man //添加de/apach //配置软连接
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/man_db.conf
# every automatically generated MANPATH includes these fields
#
#MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man //添加

关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain
name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to
suppress this message
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anltup | grep httpd
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:
(("httpd",pid=170982,fd=4),("httpd",pid=170981,fd=4),("httpd",pid=170980,fd=4),
("httpd",pid=170979,fd=4),("httpd",pid=170978,fd=4),("httpd",pid=170977,fd=4))

开启apache

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain
name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to
suppress this message
//随便开关都没有这串代码了
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@localhost conf]# vi httpd.conf
[root@localhost conf]# cat httpd.conf |grep ServerName
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
ServerName www.example.com:80 //此行注释取消

查看结果

//编写一下主页
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html
<html><body><h1>It works!daxinyu</h1></body></html>
//开启apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start

httpd基础

httpd自带的工具程序

工具	功能
htpasswd	basic认证基于文件实现时，用到的帐号密码生成工具
apachectl	httpd自带的服务控制脚本，支持start，stop，restart
apxs	由httpd-devel包提供的，扩展httpd使用第三方模块的工具
rotatelogs	日志滚动工具
suexec	访问某些有特殊权限配置的资源时，临时切换至指定用户运行的工具
ab	apache benchmark，httpd的压力测试工具

yum安装httpd

[root@129 ~]# dnf -y install httpd*
[root@129 ~]# systemctl restart httpd  //开启httpd服务
[root@129 ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:111         0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:111            [::]:*            
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                *:*            
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*   
[root@129 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  //关闭防火墙

rpm包安装的httpd程序环境

文件/目录	对应的功能
/var/log/httpd/access.log	访问日志
/var/log/httpd/error_log	错误日志
/var/www/html/	站点文档目录
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/	模块文件路径
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf	主配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf	模块配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf	辅助配置文件

[root@129 ~]# cat /var/log/httpd/access_log  //查看访问日志
192.168.118.1 - - [21/Jul/2022:16:16:40 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 199691 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/103.0.1264.62"
[root@129 ~]# cat /var/log/httpd/access_log  //查看错误日志
[Thu Jul 21 16:16:40.239886 2022] [autoindex:error] [pid 106111:tid 139793962870528] [client 192.168.118.1:54753] AH01276: Cannot serve directory /var/www/html/: No matching DirectoryIndex (index.html) found, and server-generated directory index forbidden by Options directive
//提醒没有index.html文件

[root@129 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@129 html]# ls
[root@129 html]# echo "hello dada" > index.html //生产一个网址默认首页

[root@129 html]# echo "hello world" > a.html
[root@129 html]# ls
a.html  index.html

[root@129 ~]# cd /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/  //查看模块文件
[root@129 modules]# ls
mod_access_compat.so        mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so
mod_actions.so              mod_log_config.so
mod_alias.so                mod_log_debug.so
...省略

yum安装httpd时，主配置文件

[root@129 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80 //端口，可更改

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
//默认网址路径，可能改

模块配置文件，这里都是安全httpd时默认开启的模块配置文件

[root@129 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/
[root@129 conf.modules.d]# ls
00-base.conf  00-mpm.conf       00-systemd.conf  10-proxy_h2.conf
00-dav.conf   00-optional.conf  01-cgi.conf      README
00-lua.conf   00-proxy.conf     10-h2.conf

辅助配置文件

[root@129 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf/
[root@129 conf]# ls
httpd.conf  magic

mpm：以DSO机制提供，配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf

web相关命令

curl命令

curl是基于URL语法在命令行方式下工作的文件传输工具，它支持FTP，FTPS，HTTP，HTTPS，GOPHER，TELNET，DICT，FILE及LDAP等协议。

curl支持以下功能：

https认证
http的POST/PUT等方法
ftp上传
kerberos认证
http上传
代理服务器
cookies
用户名/密码认证
下载文件断点续传
socks5代理服务器
通过http代理服务器上传文件到ftp服务器

//语法：curl [options] [URL ...]
//常用的options：
    -A/--user-agent <string>    //设置用户代理发送给服务器
    -basic              //使用Http基本认证
    --tcp-nodelay       //使用TCP_NODELAY选项
    -e/--referer <URL>      //来源网址
    --cacert <file>     //CA证书（SSL）
    --compressed        //要求返回时压缩的格式
    -H/--header <line>  //自定义请求首部信息传递给服务器
    -I/--head           //只显示响应报文首部信息
    --limit-rate <rate>     //设置传输速度
    -u/--user <user[:password]>     //设置服务器的用户和密码
    -0/--http1      //使用http 1.0版本，默认使用1.1版本。这个选项是数字0而不是字母o
    -o/--output     //把输出写到文件中
    -#/--progress-bar       //进度条显示当前的传送状态

通过curl下载文件

[root@129 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@129 ~]# curl -o myblog.html http://blog.51cto.com/itchentao
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--100   312  100   312    0     0   1457      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  1457
[root@129 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  myblog.html

http命令

//语法：httpd [options]
//常用的options：
    -l      //查看静态编译的模块，列出核心中编译了哪些模块。 \
            //它不会列出使用LoadModule指令动态加载的模块
    -M      //输出一个已经启用的模块列表，包括静态编译在服务 \
            //器中的模块和作为DSO动态加载的模块
    -v      //显示httpd的版本，然后退出
    -V      //显示httpd和apr/apr-util的版本和编译参数，然后退出
    -X      //以调试模式运行httpd。仅启动一个工作进程，并且 \
            //服务器不与控制台脱离
    -t      //检查配置文件是否有语法错误

[root@129 ~]# httpd -l    //列出重要的核心模块
Compiled in modules:
  core.c       //核心模块
  mod_so.c     //共享对象模块
  http_core.c  //http核心模块

[root@129 ~]# httpd -M   //列出所有模块
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 0.0.0.129. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 access_compat_module (shared)
 actions_module (shared)
 alias_module (shared)
...省略

[root@129 ~]# httpd -v   //显示版本信息
Server version: Apache/2.4.37 (centos)
Server built:   Apr  6 2022 14:54:37

[root@129 ~]# httpd -t  //用于检测配置文件是否有语法错误
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 0.0.0.129. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message  //不是报错
Syntax OK
//解决方法：
[root@129 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
#ServerName www.example.com:80  //将此条注释取消掉
[root@129 ~]# systemctl  restart httpd
[root@129 ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK

httpd常用配置

切换使用MPM（编辑/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf文件）：

//LoadModule mpm_NAME_module modules/mod_mpm_NAME.so
//NAME有三种，分别是：
    prefork
    event
    worker

[root@129 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/
[root@129 conf.modules.d]# ls
00-base.conf  00-mpm.conf       00-systemd.conf  10-proxy_h2.conf
00-dav.conf   00-optional.conf  01-cgi.conf      README
00-lua.conf   00-proxy.conf     10-h2.conf
[root@129 conf.modules.d]# vim 00-mpm.conf 
[root@129 conf.modules.d]# cat 00-mpm.conf 
# Select the MPM module which should be used by uncommenting exactly
# one of the following LoadModule lines.  See the httpd.conf(5) man
# page for more information on changing the MPM.

# prefork MPM: Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/prefork.html
#
# NOTE: If enabling prefork, the httpd_graceful_shutdown SELinux
# boolean should be enabled, to allow graceful stop/shutdown.
#
#LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so  //想用prefork把这行注释取消掉就好

# worker MPM: Multi-Processing Module implementing a hybrid
# multi-threaded multi-process web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/worker.html
#
#LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so  //同理

# event MPM: A variant of the worker MPM with the goal of consuming
# threads only for connections with active processing
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/event.html
#
LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so  //默认使用的event

访问控制

法则	功能
Require all granted	允许所有主机访问
Require all deny	拒绝所有主机访问
Require ip IPADDR	授权指定来源地址的主机访问
Require not ip IPADDR	拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问
Require host HOSTNAME	授权指定来源主机名的主机访问
Require not host HOSTNAME	拒绝指定来源主机名的主机访问

IPADDR的类型	HOSTNAME的类型
IP：192.168.1.1 Network/mask：192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 Network/Length：192.168.1.0/24 Net：192.168	FQDN：特定主机的全名 DOMAIN：指定域内的所有主机

注意：httpd-2.4版本默认是拒绝所有主机访问的，所以安装以后必须做显示授权访问

配置访问控制

[root@129 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
<Directory "/var/www/html/dada">
      <RequireALL>
       Require not ip 192.168.118.1   //拒绝主机访问
       Require all granted            //允许所有访问
      </RequireALL> 
</Directory>
[root@129 ~]# httpd -t  //检测语法没问题
Syntax OK
[root@129 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@129 ~]# curl http://192.168.118.129/dada/a.html  //测试本机能访问
hello world

主机上被拒绝了

配置三种虚拟主机

虚拟主机需求：

相同IP不同端口
不同IP相同端口
相同IP相同端口不同域名

系统中安装了有http，就会有一个模板文件。

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name *vhosts.conf
/usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
conf  conf.d  conf.modules.d  logs  modules  run  state
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf.d/  
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf .  //将模板文件复制到辅助配置文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  httpd-vhosts.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
...省略
//虚拟主机示例
#
# VirtualHost example:  
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com  //服务的邮箱
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/dummy-host.example.com"  //网站根目录
    ServerName dummy-host.example.com    //域名
    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com   //域名别名
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log" //错误日志
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common  //访问日志
</VirtualHost>

相同ip不同端口

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
...省略
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/feiji"
    ServerName www.feiji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

Listen 81
<VirtualHost *:81>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/tanke"
    ServerName www.tanke.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

//创建目录
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir feiji tanke
[root@localhost html]# ls
feiji  tanke

//将这两个游戏的文件上传到目录下，在此之前我上传了，复制过来
[root@localhost html]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  feijidazhan       tanke.zip
doudizhu         feijiedazhan.zip  zhuawawaji
doudizhu.zip     tanke    
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r tanke/* /var/www/html/tanke/
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r feijidazhan/* /var/www/html/feiji/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/feiji/
[root@localhost feiji]# ls
css  img  index.html  js
[root@localhost feiji]# cd /var/www/html/tanke/
[root@localhost tanke]# ls
audio  css  images  index.html  js

//检查配置文件没有问题，并重启服务，关闭防火墙。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
feiji  index.html  tanke
[root@localhost html]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

访问默认80端口

访问81端口

不同ip相同端口

添加一个临时IP

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:16:06:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.118.129/24 brd 192.168.118.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1310sec preferred_lft 1310sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe16:61e/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.118.130/24 dev ens33
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:16:06:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.118.129/24 brd 192.168.118.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1214sec preferred_lft 1214sec
    inet 192.168.118.130/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe16:61e/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.118.130
PING 192.168.118.130 (192.168.118.130) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.118.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.033 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.118.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.118.130: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
^C
--- 192.168.118.130 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2047ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.033/0.044/0.064/0.015 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  httpd-vhosts.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
...省略
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost 192.168.118.129:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/feiji"
    ServerName www.feiji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.118.130:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/tanke"
    ServerName www.tanke.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

验证并重启服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

查看ip为192.168.118.129

查看ip为192.168.118.130

相同IP相同端口不同域名

配置文件

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
...省略
#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/feiji"
    ServerName www.feiji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/tanke"
    ServerName www.tanke.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

//验证并重启服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

域名映射：

Linux系统和mac系统： /etc/hosts

windows: C:/windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts

先把hosts文件拖到桌面进行修改，修改完以后再拖回去

1.买一个域名

2.本机配置一个host文件，本机局域网下可以访问

3.装一个dns服务，做一个正反射解析，也只能在本机局域网下使用

在windows上配置host文件

先找到host文件

将文件拖到桌面后进行配置保存后再放进文件夹

测试访问域名www.feiji.com

测试访问域名www.tanke.com

配置访问控制

修改配置文件

将www.feiji.com域名禁止主机访问

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  httpd-vhosts.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf 
...省略
#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/feiji"
    ServerName www.feiji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.feiji.com-access_log" common
<Directory "/var/www/html/feiji">
   <RequireAll>
   Require not ip 192.168.118.1
   Require all granted
   </RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/tanke"
    ServerName www.tanke.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.tanke.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost conf.d]# 

//测试语法没问题，重启服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

测试访问不到文件内容

配置https

ssl模块

先检查一下有没有ssl模块，没有列出任何文件就没有安装ssl模块

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M | grep ssl

安装ssl模块后重启服务，查到有ssl模块

[root@localhost ~]# dnf install -y mod_ssl
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M |grep ssl
 ssl_module (shared)
//代表加载成功并启用
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# cat 00-ssl.conf 
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so

https证书

CA生成密钥

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/
[root@localhost pki]# mkdir CA
[root@localhost pki]# cd CA/
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir private
[root@localhost CA]# ls
private
[root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.........................+++++
...............................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@localhost CA]# cd private/
[root@localhost private]# ls
cakey.pem

CA生成自签署证书

[root@localhost CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:peixun
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.feiji.com
Email Address []:317134@^H
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@localhost CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial

客户端（例如httpd服务器）生成密钥

[root@localhost CA]# cd /etc/httpd && mkdir ssl && cd ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# pwd
/etc/httpd/ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
............................................+++++
.................................................................................................................................................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
httpd.key

客户端生成证书签署请求,和之前自签证书要一模一样

[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 365 -out httpd.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:peixun
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.feiji.com
Email Address []:317134@^H

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@localhost ssl]#

客户端把证书签署请求文件发送给CA (两台主机做这个)

scp httpd.csr root@CA端IP:/root

CA签署客户端提交上来的证书

[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Jul 24 09:08:01 2022 GMT
            Not After : Jul 24 09:08:01 2023 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = cn
            stateOrProvinceName       = hb
            organizationName          = runtime
            organizationalUnitName    = peixun
            commonName                = www.feiji.com
            emailAddress              = 317134@\08
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                72:91:9D:FC:74:9D:E7:21:BA:C4:4B:25:CC:23:B6:20:BB:A4:DA:4D
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:51:F1:D2:13:04:10:31:15:5B:34:6F:38:06:ED:D7:F7:5D:94:F6:C0

Certificate is to be certified until Jul 24 09:08:01 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]# 
httpd.crt  httpd.csr  httpd.key

配置https

[root@localhost ssl]# pwd
/etc/httpd/ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README          httpd-vhosts.conf  userdir.conf
autoindex.conf  ssl.conf           welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim ssl.conf 
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/feiji"    
ServerName www.feiji.com:443        //取消掉这两条注释并改域名和文件路径
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key  //更改文件路径
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost conf.d]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*            
LISTEN  0       128                  *:443               *:*            
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                *:*

查看效果

用https访问，点击继续访问

posted on 2022-07-24 17:40 linux-ada 阅读(317) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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部署httpd,三种不同的虚拟机,https

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web相关命令

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访问控制

配置三种虚拟主机

相同ip不同端口

不同ip相同端口

相同IP相同端口不同域名

域名映射：

配置访问控制

配置https

ssl模块

https证书

配置https