在Centos7上安装wxPython4.0.4
在linux上安装wxPython4.0.4时需要gtk+2.0，在安装wxPython4.0.4遇到以下错误。
linux上是用pip安装wxPython4.0.4的，执行命令如下：
pip install wxpython
[root@gm gtk+]# pip install wxpython Collecting wxpython Downloading http://mirrors.zte.com.cn/pypi/packages/17/74/7c3ced03c3c76b9f98e4a0edae1801755a7599ebf481c04d9f77dfff17e3/wxPython-4.0.4.tar.gz (68.8MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 68.8MB 4.7MB/s Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from wxpython) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): Pillow in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from wxpython) Installing collected packages: wxpython Running setup.py install for wxpython ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-pnjkOu-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: running install running build WARNING: Building this way assumes that all generated files have been generated already. If that is not the case then use build.py directly to generate the source and perform the build stage. You can use --skip-build with the bdist_* or install commands to avoid this message and the wxWidgets and Phoenix build steps in the future. "/usr/bin/python2" -u build.py build Will build using: "/usr/bin/python2" 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] Python's architecture is 64bit cfg.VERSION: 4.0.4 Running command: build Running command: build_wx wxWidgets build options: ['--wxpython', '--unicode', '--gtk3'] Configure options: ['--enable-unicode', '--with-gtk=3', '--with-opengl', '--enable-sound', '--enable-graphics_ctx', '--enable-mediactrl', '--enable-display', '--enable-geometry', '--enable-debug_flag', '--enable-optimise', '--disable-debugreport', '--enable-uiactionsim', '--enable-autoidman', '--with-sdl'] /tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/ext/wxWidgets/configure --enable-unicode --with-gtk=3 --with-opengl --enable-sound --enable-graphics_ctx --enable-mediactrl --enable-display --enable-geometry --enable-debug_flag --enable-optimise --disable-debugreport --enable-uiactionsim --enable-autoidman --with-sdl checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system 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(cached) yes checking for deflate in -lz... yes checking for png.h > 0.90... yes checking for png.h... (cached) yes checking for png_sig_cmp in -lpng... yes checking for jpeglib.h... yes checking for jpeg_read_header in -ljpeg... yes checking for tiffio.h... no configure: WARNING: system tiff library not found, will use built-in instead checking for lzma_code in -llzma... no checking for jbg_dec_init in -ljbig... no checking for expat.h... yes checking if expat.h is valid C++ header... yes checking for XML_ParserCreate in -lexpat... yes checking for GTK+ version... checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config checking for GTK+ - version >= 3.0.0... no *** Could not run GTK+ test program, checking why... *** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the *** exact error that occured. This usually means GTK+ is incorrectly installed. configure: error: The development files for GTK+ were not found. For GTK+ 2, please ensure that pkg-config is in the path and that gtk+-2.0.pc is installed. For GTK+ 1.2 please check that gtk-config is in the path, and that the version is 1.2.3 or above. Also check that the libraries returned by 'pkg-config gtk+-2.0 --libs' or 'gtk-config --libs' are in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or equivalent. Error running configure ERROR: failed building wxWidgets Traceback (most recent call last): File "build.py", line 1321, in cmd_build_wx wxbuild.main(wxDir(), build_options) File "/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/buildtools/build_wxwidgets.py", line 375, in main "Error running configure") File "/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/buildtools/build_wxwidgets.py", line 85, in exitIfError raise builder.BuildError(msg) BuildError Finished command: build_wx (4.690s) Finished command: build (4.690s) Command '"/usr/bin/python2" -u build.py build' failed with exit code 1. ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-pnjkOu-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/
主要错误摘录如下：
1 *** Could not run GTK+ test program, checking why... 2 *** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the 3 *** exact error that occured. This usually means GTK+ is incorrectly installed. 4 configure: error: 5 The development files for GTK+ were not found. For GTK+ 2, please 6 ensure that pkg-config is in the path and that gtk+-2.0.pc is 7 installed. For GTK+ 1.2 please check that gtk-config is in the path, 8 and that the version is 1.2.3 or above. Also check that the 9 libraries returned by 'pkg-config gtk+-2.0 --libs' or 'gtk-config 10 --libs' are in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or equivalent. 11 12 Error running configure 13 ERROR: failed building wxWidgets 14 Traceback (most recent call last): 15 File "build.py", line 1321, in cmd_build_wx 16 wxbuild.main(wxDir(), build_options) 17 File "/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/buildtools/build_wxwidgets.py", line 375, in main 18 "Error running configure") 19 File "/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/buildtools/build_wxwidgets.py", line 85, in exitIfError 20 raise builder.BuildError(msg) 21 BuildError 22 Finished command: build_wx (4.690s) 23 Finished command: build (4.690s) 24 Command '"/usr/bin/python2" -u build.py build' failed with exit code 1. 25 26 ---------------------------------------- 27 Command "/usr/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-pnjkOu-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-t_6afe/wxpython/
所以首要任务是解决gtk+2.0是否安装，且安装正确了。
测试方法可以参见这个链接里（）的测试程序，如果测试程序编译成功，且执行后出现GUI界面，则gtk+2.0就是安装成功的。
本文特地将测试程序和制作方法截取出来。
#vi helloworld.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { GtkWidget* window; GtkWidget* label; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); label = gtk_label_new("Hello World."); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), label); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } 编译运行 gcc -o helloworld helloworld.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` ./Helloworld
测试后确认，gui是可以出现的。另外，又用pkg-config，查看了gtk+的所有库，查看命令和结果如下：
1 [root@gm lib]# pkg-config --list-all |grep gtk 2 gtk+-unix-print-2.0 GTK+ - GTK+ Unix print support 3 gtk+ GTK+ - GIMP Tool Kit 4 gtk+-x11-2.0 GTK+ - GTK+ Graphical UI Library (x11 target) 5 gtk+-2.0 GTK+ - GTK+ Graphical UI Library (x11 target)
再查看gtk的版本号：
1 # 使用外部命令查看安装的gtk库版本 2 3 $pkg-config --modversion gtk+ (查看1.2.x版本) 4 5 $pkg-config --modversion gtk+-2.0 (查看 2.x 版本) 6 2.24.31
7 $pkg-config --version (查看pkg-config的版本) 8 9 $pkg-config --list-all |grep gtk (查看是否安装了gtk)
以上操作均证明gtk+2.0确实是安装了的。
问题是pip缺找不到gtk+2.0.
先把gtk2.0放在一边，我又仔细看下了下wxPython的官网，说macOS和window以外类unix不提供二进制形式，但提供源码或wheel包。请参考以下链接：
https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_search/
https://wiki.wxpython.org/How%20to%20install%20wxPython
https://wiki.wxpython.org/Gtk%20and%20Win32%20differences
下载linux的wheel后，直接执行pip install wxPython-4.0.4-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl 执行成功后，就可以执行python 你的gtk脚本了。
本篇文章出自“国民时代”，转载请注明转载出处。
