都1202年了奉劝那些还在用centos6的gs,赶紧切ubuntu-Centos6 升级 gcc 惨痛教训
完整升级路线
gcc --version # 4.8.5 yum -y update yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel glibc-static libstdc++-static wget bzip2 gcc gcc-c++ glibc-headers tar -xzvf gcc-10.2.0.tar.gz cd gcc-10.2.0 ./contrib/download_prerequisites mkdir build cd build ../configure -enable-checking=release -enable-languages=c,c++ -disable-multilib #编译过程漫长,请耐心等待, -j4, 你几核的CPU, 就 -j 几。 make -j8 make install #改变重定向 cd /usr/bin rm -rf ./gcc #mv gcc gcc.4.8.5 ln -s /usr/local/bin/gcc gcc rm -rf ./g++ #mv g++ g++.4.8.5 ln -s /usr/local/bin/g++ g++ rm -rf ./c++ # mv c++ c++.4.8.5 ln -s /usr/local/bin/c++ c++ rm -rf ./cpp # mv cpp cpp.4.8.5 ln -s /usr/local/bin/cpp cpp cd /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux ln -s /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0 4.8.5 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0 4.4.7 #ln /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.3.0/ 4.8.5 cd /usr/lib64 ls /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20 rm -rf ./libstdc++.so.6 ln -s /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20 libstdc++.so.6
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-6.3.0/gcc-6.3.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf gcc-6.3.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-6.3.0
./contrib/download_prerequisites
mkdir build
cd build
../configure -enable-checking=release -enable-languages=c,c++ -disable-multilib
make -j4
#改变重定向
cd /usr/bin
mv gcc gcc.4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/gcc gcc
mv g++ g++.4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/g++ g++
mv c++ c++.4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/c++ c++
mv cpp cpp.4.4.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/cpp cpp
cd /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux
ln -s /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/6.3.0 4.4.7
cd /usr/lib64
ls /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.19
rm -rf libstdc++.so.6
ln -s /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.19 libstdc++.so.6
CentOS 6 升级 GCC 带来的坑
CentOS 6 自带的 GCC 版本为 4.4.7
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[root@game bin]# /usr/bin/gcc -v
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Using built-in specs.
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Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
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Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
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Thread model: posix
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gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23) (GCC)
由于某些原因,我升级了 GCC 到 6.3.0 版本
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[root@game bin]# gcc -v
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Using built-in specs.
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COLLECT_GCC=gcc
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COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/6.3.0/lto-wrapper
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Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
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Configured with: ../configure -enable-checking=release -enable-languages=c,c++ -disable-multilib
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Thread model: posix
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gcc version 6.3.0 (GCC)
一直以来没什么问题, 直到最近我编译安装360的配置中心组建QConf 扩展的时候,configure 正常,但是一直 make 失败。
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[root@game php]# /usr/local/php720/bin/phpize
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Configuring for:
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PHP Api Version: 20170718
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Zend Module Api No: 20170718
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Zend Extension Api No: 320170718
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[root@game php]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php720/bin/php-config --with-libqconf-dir=/usr/local/qconf/include --enable-static LDFLAGS=/usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a
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...
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[root@game php]# make
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/bin/sh /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/include -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/main -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/qconf/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O0 -c /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/php_qconf.c -o php_qconf.lo
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mkdir .libs
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cc -I. -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/include -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/main -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/qconf/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O0 -c /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/php_qconf.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/php_qconf.o
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/bin/sh /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/libtool --mode=link cc -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/include -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/main -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/qconf/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O0 /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a -o qconf.la -export-dynamic -avoid-version -prefer-pic -module -rpath /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules -lstdc++ php_qconf.lo
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*** Warning: Linking the shared library qconf.la against the
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*** static library /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a is not portable!
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cc -shared .libs/php_qconf.o /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a -lstdc++ -Wl,-soname -Wl,qconf.so -o .libs/qconf.so
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/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/libstdc++.a(functexcept.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `std::bad_typeid::~bad_typeid()' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/libstdc++.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
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collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
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make: *** [qconf.la] Error 1
百度、Google一直没有找到原因,后来从上图错误分析发现,/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/libstdc++.a: could not read symbols: Bad value ,GCC已经升级到 6.3.0 了,但是静态库还是用的4.4.7, 然后我找到 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7 目录,将 4.4.7 目录备份,并找到 6.3.0 的库 /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/6.3.0/ , 将4.4.7目录重定向到该目录,完美解决。
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[root@game x86_64-redhat-linux]# cd /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux
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[root@game x86_64-redhat-linux]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/6.3.0 4.4.7
然后 make 就好了
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[root@game php]# make
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/bin/sh /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/libtool --mode=link cc -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/include -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/main -I/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php720/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/qconf/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O0 /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a -o qconf.la -export-dynamic -avoid-version -prefer-pic -module -rpath /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules -lstdc++ php_qconf.lo
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*** Warning: Linking the shared library qconf.la against the
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*** static library /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a is not portable!
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cc -shared .libs/php_qconf.o /usr/local/qconf/lib/libqconf.a -lstdc++ -Wl,-soname -Wl,qconf.so -o .libs/qconf.so
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creating qconf.la
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(cd .libs && rm -f qconf.la && ln -s ../qconf.la qconf.la)
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/bin/sh /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/libtool --mode=install cp ./qconf.la /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules
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cp ./.libs/qconf.so /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules/qconf.so
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cp ./.libs/qconf.lai /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules/qconf.la
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PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Libraries have been installed in:
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/root/soft/qconf/QConf-master/driver/php/modules
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If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
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in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
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specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
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flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
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- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
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during execution
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- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
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during linking
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- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
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- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
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See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
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more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Build complete.
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Don't forget to run 'make test'.
CentOS 6.6 升级GCC G++ (当前最新GCC/G++版本为v6.1.0)
没有便捷方式,
yum update.... yum install
或者 添加yum 的 repo 文件 也不行, 只能更新到 4.4.7!
then, 只能手动编译安装了,那么开始第一步下载源代码吧,GO!
1、 获取安装包并解压
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-6.1.0/gcc-6.1.0.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf gcc-6.1.0.tar.bz2
当然,http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc 里面有所有的gcc版本供下载,最新版本已经有6.1.0啦.
建议下载.bz2的压缩包,文件更小,下载时间更少.
2、 下载供编译需求的依赖项
参考文献[1]中说:这个神奇的脚本文件会帮我们下载、配置、安装依赖库,可以节约我们大量的时间和精力。
cd gcc-6.1.0
./contrib/download_prerequisites
3、 建立一个目录供编译出的文件存放
mkdir gcc-build-6.1.0
cd gcc-build-6.1.0
4、 生成Makefile文件
../configure -enable-checking=release -enable-languages=c,c++ -disable-multilib
5、 编译
make -j4
-j4选项是make对多核处理器的优化,如果不成功请使用 make,相关优化选项可以移步至参考文献[2]。
(注意:此步骤非常耗时,我虚拟机耗时近3小时; 实体机近80分钟,CPU基本是满的,内存也使用不少)
6、 安装
make install
(安装需要root权限!)
查看安装
ls /usr/local/bin | grep gcc
7、 重启,然后查看gcc版本
gcc -v
8、 写个C++11 特性的程序段 测试
tryCpp11.cc 代码省略....
g++ -std=c++11 -o tryCpp11 tryCpp11.cc
9、升级
gcc
,生成的动态库没有替换老版本gcc
的动态库源码编译升级安装了
gcc
后,编译程序或运行其它程序时,有时会出现类似/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found
的问题。这是因为升级gcc
时,生成的动态库没有替换老版本gcc
的动态库导致的,将gcc
最新版本的动态库替换系统中老版本的动态库即可解决。9.1 运行以下命令检查动态库:
strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC
从输出可以看出,
gcc
的动态库还是旧版本的。说明出现这些问题,是因为升级gcc
时,生成的动态库没有替换老版本gcc
的动态库。9.2 执行以下命令,查找编译
gcc
时生成的最新动态库:find / -name "libstdc++.so*"
将上面的最新动态库
libstdc++.so.6.0.22
复制到/usr/lib64
目录下cd /usr/lib64
cp /root/Downloads/gcc-6.1.0/gcc-build-6.1.0/stage1-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6.0.22 ./
9.3 删除原来软连接:
rm -rf libstdc++.so.6
9.4 将默认库的软连接指向最新动态库:
ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.22 libstdc++.so.6
9.5 默认动态库升级完成。重新运行以下命令检查动态库:
strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC
可以看到 输出有"GLIBCXX_3.4.21" 了
linux查看可执行文件的编译器版本 - gcc 版本
一部分可执行程序,可以使用这个方法快速确认:
strings -a program_name | grep -i gcc
输出:
...............
GCC: (Debian 4.8.4-1) 4.8.4
...............