转：ASP.NET Core Identity 系列之六
这节我们主要介绍在Identity中添加自定义属性。如果我们想在Users类中添加自定义属性像"Age, Country & Salary"，我们该如何做呢？User 类继承了 IdentityUser 类，把客户自定义的属性添加到 Identity 数据库的 AspNetUsers 表中
我们添加三个自定义属性到AppUser类中：Country属性是一个Enum类型，Age 属性是一个int类型，Salary 属性是一个 string类型，将Salary属性设置为必填属性通过在属性上新增[Required] 特性，接下来我们定义一个Country的枚举类型。 代码如下：
public class AppUser : IdentityUser
{
public int Age
{
get; set;
}
public Country Country
{
get;
set;
}
[Required]
public string Salary
{
get; set;
} = null!;
}
public enum Country
{
USA,
UK,
France,
Germany,
Russia
}
我们已经添加ASP.NET Core Identity客户自定义属性到我们应用程序，接下来我们将属性更新到数据库中。我们将运行Entity Framework Core Migration 命令
打开 PMC窗口(使用Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools命令)，运行下面两个命令:
- Add-Migration Migration-New
- Update-Database
我们看到我们新增加的属性已经被同步到数据库中
1. 新增和修改用户方法
现在我们更新AdminController的新增和修改方法, 并将我们自定义的属性添加进去，在User类中添加3个属性(Country, Age & Salary)
public class User
{
[Required]
[DisplayName("用户名")]
public string Name { get; set; } = null!;
[Required]
[DisplayName("邮箱")]
[RegularExpression("^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\.-]+@([a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,6}$", ErrorMessage = "电子邮件格式不正确")]
public string Email { get; set; } = null!;
[Required]
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[DisplayName("密码")]
public string Password { get; set; } = null!;
[DisplayName("年龄")]
public int Age
{
get; set;
}
[DisplayName("国家")]
public Country Country
{
get;
set;
}
[DisplayName("薪水")]
[Required]
public string Salary
{
get; set;
} = null!;
}
public class UpdateUserDTO
{
[Required]
[DisplayName("编号")]
public string Id { get; set; } = null!;
[Required]
[DisplayName("用户名")]
public string Name { get; set; }=null!;
[Required]
[DisplayName("邮箱")]
[RegularExpression("^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\.-]+@([a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,6}$", ErrorMessage = "E-mail is not valid")]
public string Email { get; set; } = null!;
[Required]
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[DisplayName("密码")]
public string Password { get; set; } = null!;
[DisplayName("年龄")]
public int Age
{
get; set;
}
[DisplayName("国家")]
public Country Country
{
get;
set;
}
[DisplayName("薪水")]
[Required]
public string Salary
{
get; set;
} = null!;
}
接下来，我们添加3个HTML标记在Create和Update视图，我们注册一个新用户的时候可以输入这些信息，也可以更新之前的用户，Age和Salary使用输入框，Country属性使用了选择框
View/Admin/Create.cshtml
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Age" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Age" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Country" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<select asp-for="Country" class="form-control" asp-items="@new SelectList(Enum.GetNames(typeof(Country)))">
<option selected disabled value="选择">选择国家</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Salary" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Salary" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<div class="col-sm-11 offset-sm-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
<button asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-secondary">
返回
</button>
</div>
</div>
View/Admin/Update.cshtml
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Age" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Age" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Country" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<select asp-for="Country" class="form-control" asp-items="@new SelectList(Enum.GetNames(typeof(Country)))">
<option selected disabled value="选择">选择国家</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 row">
<label asp-for="Salary" class="col-sm-1 control-label"></label>
<div class="col-sm-11">
<input asp-for="Salary" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-3">
<div class="col-sm-11 offset-sm-1">
<button class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
<button asp-action="index" class="btn btn-secondary">返回</button>
</div>
</div>
View/Admin/Index.cshtml
@model IEnumerable<AppUser>
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "用户列表";
}
<div class="container">
<div class="row mb-3">
<div class="col-sm-3">
<a asp-action="Create" class="btn btn-primary">新增</a>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-3"></div>
<div class="col-sm-3"></div>
<div class="col-sm-3"></div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-3">
<div class="col-sm">
<table class="table table-bordered align-middle">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>名称</th>
<th>邮件</th>
<td>年龄</td>
<td>国家</td>
<td>薪水</td>
<th>编辑</th>
<td>删除</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (AppUser user in Model)
{
<tr>
<td>@user.Id</td>
<td>@user.UserName</td>
<td>@user.Email</td>
<td>@user.Age</td>
<td>@user.Country</td>
<td>@user.Salary</td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" asp-action="Update" asp-route-id="@user.Id">编辑</a>
</td>
<td>
<form method="post" asp-action="Delete" asp-route-id="@user.Id" role="form">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</button>
</form>
</td>
</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
最后，更新一下AdminController的Create和Update方法
Create方法
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create(User user)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
AppUser appUser = new AppUser
{
UserName = user.Name,
Email = user.Email,
Age = user.Age,
Country = user.Country,
Salary = user.Salary
};
var identityResult = await _userManager.CreateAsync(appUser, user.Password);
if (identityResult.Succeeded)
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Admin");
else
foreach (IdentityError error in identityResult.Errors)
ModelState.AddModelError("", error.Description);
}
return View(user);
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Update(UpdateUserDTO updateUserDTO)
{
var appUser = await _userManager.FindByIdAsync(updateUserDTO.Id);
if (appUser != null)
{
IdentityResult validEmail = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Name) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Email))
{
appUser.UserName = updateUserDTO.Name;
appUser.Email = updateUserDTO.Email;
validEmail = await _userValidator.ValidateAsync(_userManager, appUser);
if (!validEmail.Succeeded)
Errors(validEmail);
}
else
ModelState.AddModelError("", "用户名和邮件不能为空");
appUser.Age = updateUserDTO.Age;
appUser.Country = updateUserDTO.Country;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Salary))
appUser.Salary = updateUserDTO.Salary;
IdentityResult validPass = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Password))
{
validPass = await _passwordValidator.ValidateAsync(_userManager, appUser, updateUserDTO.Password);
if (validPass.Succeeded)
appUser.PasswordHash = _passwordHasher.HashPassword(appUser, updateUserDTO.Password);
else
Errors(validPass);
}
else
ModelState.AddModelError("", "密码不能为空");
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Name) &&
!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Email) &&
!string.IsNullOrEmpty(updateUserDTO.Password) &&
validEmail.Succeeded &&
validPass.Succeeded)
{
var result = await _userManager.UpdateAsync(appUser);
if (result.Succeeded)
return RedirectToAction("Index");
else
{
foreach (IdentityError error in result.Errors)
{
ModelState.AddModelError("", error.Description);
}
}
}
}
else
ModelState.AddModelError("", "没有发现该用户");
return View(updateUserDTO);
}
2. 测试客户自定义属性
测试客户自定义属性，运行应用程序并且进入地址 https://localhost:7296/Admin/Create ，我们创建如下用户:
- 姓名 – mary
- 邮件 – mary@yahoo.com
- 密码 – Coder77@
- 年龄 – 20
- 国家 – USA
- 薪水 – 5000
我们看到刚才创建用户
用户被创建成功之后，点击更新操作Update View将会显示刚才新增的用户：
3. 总结
这节我们主要介绍了在ASP.NET Core Identity用户自定义属性，现在我们很容易添加用户自定义字段到用户表中
源代码地址：
https://github.com/bingbing-gui/Asp.Net-Core-Skill/tree/master/AspNetCore.Identity/Identity
