mysql安装部署（2022）
华为云centos7及以上版本 默认安装了MariaDB，所以安装MySQL之前需要先卸载 MariDB
1.卸载MariaDB
yum list installed | grep mariadb # 查询已安装mariadb
yum -y remove mariadb* #移除已安装的mariadb
yum list installed | grep mariadb # 在查询一遍，确保卸载干净了
2.下载RPM
cd /usr/local
mkdir mysql
cd mysql
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
3.安装rpm包，并确认yum源
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
4.查看mysql版本
yum repolist all | grep mysql
5.安装mysql
yum install mysql-community-server
6.启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
7.查找初次的密码
mysql密码一般存在 /var/log/mysqld.log文件中
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep temporary # 查找临时密码
mysql -u root -p # 输入密码，登录mysql
8.修改默认密码
mysql 5.7开始密码不能太过简单，否则无法修改成功，因此需要先修改全局变量
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=0;
# 修改密码
ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'wingkin45';#wingkin为密码
flush privileges;
9.配置远程访问
# 登录mysql
use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;
自此mysql安装成功。
10.卸载mysql
yum -y remove mysql* #移除已安装的mysql
11.主从复制
前提条件：搭建好两台mysql，并且保证两台服务可以互相ping通，并且开放了3306端口
master: 192.168.140.101
slave: 192.168.140.102
能够互相ping通
配置master
先停止当前mysql，systemctl stop mysqld
执行vim /etc/my.cnf,修改mysql配置文件
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# 配置 binlog的存储位置,这个位置需要提前创建
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-bin
# 配置服务器id,必须唯一
server-id=1
# 配置同步写入策略，每次写入都同步
sync-binlog=1
# 配置 同步的数据库，多个可以配置多行记录
binlog-do-db=fanco
# 二进制日志保留时间
expire-logs-days=7
# 不备份的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performation_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
修改好my.cnf文件后，执行systemctl start mysqld
尝试重启mysql,不出意外的话，会报错。
错误1
mysqld: File ‘/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-bin.index’ not found (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
ps: 这里是因为 我们配置的 /var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/这个文件夹的权限并没有给mysql，导致mysql没有权限创建这个文件
解决方案：
chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql
错误2
mysql报错Errcode: 13 “Permission denied”
ps: 这里是在处理从库 relay-log 中转日志爆出的这个错误
解决方案：
chmod -R 777 /var/lib/mysql
启动mysql成功后，登入查看
-- 执行show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1032 | fanco | information_schema,performation_schema,sys | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
file表示binlog文件，position表示 slave服务器读取的位置，binlog_do_db表示 复制的数据库
binlog_ignore_db 表示 不复制的数据库
为master主机设置一个复制账号（user=aaaa,pwd=123456），并且授权
-- 1. 去除密码插件
uninstall plugin validate_password;
-- 2. 创建新用户
CREATE USER 'aaaa'@'192.168.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; # 用户和密码 自定义
-- 3. 分配复制权限 *.* 所有数据库的所有表
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to aaaa@'192.168.%.%' identified by '123456';
-- 4. 刷新权限
flush privileges;
'192.168.%.%' 表示这个授权用户从哪台服务器host能够登录
配置 slave
修改my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
server-id=2
relay_log=/var/lib/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-relay-bin
replicate-do-db=fanco
read_only=1
log_slave_updates=1
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
启动从服务器的复制线程
1.先在主节点执行下show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1680 | fanco | information_schema,performation_schema,sys | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
2.在slave节点执行如下命令：
-- 绑定主服务器
change master to master_host='192.168.140.101',
> master_user='fancocp',
> master_password='123456',
> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
> master_log_pos=1680;
此处有报错，需要 chmod 设置权限
-- 启动复制线程
start slave;
如果一切正常，主从复制就会启动了
2021-12-21T12:12:01.904977Z 9 [Note] Slave I/O thread for channel '': connected to master 'fancocp@192.168.140.101:3306',replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000001' at position 1032
3.在主数据库增加一个记录，看从数据库是否会将数据同步过来。
4.查看从数据库状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.140.101 # 主服务器ip
Master_User: fancocp # 用于同步的数据库用户
Master_Port: 3306 # 端口
Connect_Retry: 60 # 重试时间
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3904
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 3192
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: fanco
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3904
Relay_Log_Space: 3399
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: f65ef6f1-623d-11ec-9502-000c291f0bc2
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
至此，mysql主从复制就算是配置好了
binlog相关的命令
# 查看是否开启binlog
mysql>show binary logs;
#查看binlog格式：
mysql>show variables like 'binlog_format';
#获取binlog文件列表：
mysql>show binary logs;
#查看当前正在写入的binlog文件：
mysql>show master status;
#查看master上的binlog：
mysql>show master logs;
#只查看第一个binlog文件的内容：
mysql>show binlog events;
#查看指定binlog文件的内容：
mysql>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000045';
#清空所有的bin-log：
mysql>reset master;
#生成一个新的binlog：
mysql>flush logs;
用bash查看binlog日志
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000045
Docker安装
docker pull mysql:5.7 // 下载镜像
docker images // 查看镜像
// 运行mysql容器
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
-v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
-d mysql:5.7
// 查看mysql是否运行
docker ps
来源：华为云社区
