Linux-yum本地与内网仓库搭建
目录
1.yum简介
yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 SUSE 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。
基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum 提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。
2.应用场景
yum本地仓库搭建是为了当无法连接外网时，通过内网或本地的仓库完成软件的安装与相关的依赖性解决。本地仓库的搭建需要有一个yum源，或者一个系统镜像（一般系统镜像中有部分可安装的软件，这些软件在选择最小化安装的时候，不会安装到系统当中）。
以下实验使用的均为系统镜像源
3.本地yum仓库搭建
3.1流程
graph LR
A[挂载镜像] --> B[备份原yum源<br> /etc/yum.repos.d]
B --> C[创建本地.repo文件]
C --> D[清空缓存<br>建立元数据]
3.2实操
1.挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt ##/dev/sr0 是光驱设备
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
2.备份原yum
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak ##移动原repo文件至bak中
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
3.创建本地repo文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# touch local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[local] ##注释
name=local ##配置名称
baseurl=file:///mnt ##仓库地址
gpgcheck=0 ##不检查完整性
4.清缓存，简历元数据
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all ##情况缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: local
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 161 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache ##建立元数据
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): local/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): local/filelists_db | 3.2 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): local/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
5.测试安装tree
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# tree
bash: tree: command not found...
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install tree -y
…………
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# tree
.
├── bak
│ ├── CentOS-Base.repo
│ ├── CentOS-CR.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
│ ├── CentOS-fasttrack.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Media.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Sources.repo
│ └── CentOS-Vault.repo
└── local.repo
1 directory, 8 files
3.利用HTTP服务搭建内网yum仓库
3.1流程
为确保实验成功，需要关闭防火墙和selinux。
服务端：
graph LR
A[下载HTTP服务] --> B[挂载镜像<br>/var/www/html]
B --> C[测试正常访问]
客户端：
graph LR
A[备份原yum源] --> B[创建本地.repo文件]
B --> C[清空缓存<br>建立元数据]
3.2 服务端配置
关闭防火墙与selinux确保正常通信
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
1.下载http服务
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y
…………
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos.4
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos.4 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
2.挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html
[root@localhost html]# mkdir centos7
[root@localhost html]# ls
centos7
[root@localhost html]# mount /dev/sr0 centos7
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
3.启动服务，测试服务是否正常
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd
启动过后，在实机中使用http服务访问虚拟机对应目录，应该可以正常查看挂载的内容。
3.3 客户端配置
1.备份原yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak
2.创建本地repo文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# touch http.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim http.repo
[http.repo]
name=http
baseurl=http://192.168.186.5/centos7
gpgcheck=0
3.清空缓存，建立元数据
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: http.repo
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 129 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
http.repo | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): http.repo/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): http.repo/filelists_db | 3.2 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): http.repo/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): http.repo/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
4.测试安装
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# tree
bash: tree: command not found...
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install tree -y
…………
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# tree
.
├── bak
│ ├── CentOS-Base.repo
│ ├── CentOS-CR.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
│ ├── CentOS-fasttrack.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Media.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Sources.repo
│ └── CentOS-Vault.repo
└── http.repo
4.利用FTP服务搭建内网yum仓库
4.1 流程
为确保实验正常完成，关闭服务端的防火墙与selinux
服务端：
graph LR
A[下载搭建FTP服务] --> B[挂载镜像<br>/var/ftp]
客户端：
graph LR
A[下载安装FTP服务] --> B[测试访问服务端FTP文件]
B --> C[备份原yum源] --> D[创建本地.repo文件]
D --> E[清空缓存<br>建立元数据]
4.2 服务端配置
关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
1.下载安装FTP服务。
服务端使用vsftp软件，进行安全传输（相对的安全）。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
…………
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-29.el7_9
Complete!
2.挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/ftp
[root@localhost ftp]# ls
pub
[root@localhost ftp]# mkdir centos7
[root@localhost ftp]# mount /dev/sr0 centos7
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
3.开启服务
[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start vsftpd
4.3 客户端配置
1.客户端直接安装ftp即可
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ftp -y
…………
Installed:
ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7
Complete!
2.测试连接
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.186.5 ## 填写服务端的ip
Connected to 192.168.186.5 (192.168.186.5).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.186.5:root): ftp ## 使用匿名用户ftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password: ## 直接回车即可
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,186,5,71,83).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwxr-x 8 0 0 2048 Nov 25 2018 centos7
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Jun 09 2021 pub
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye
3.剩下步骤与 3.3 步骤相同，注意配置本地repo配置如下。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim ftp.repo
[ftp.repo]
name=ftp
baserul=ftp://192.168.186.5/centos7
gpgcheck=0
清空缓存，建立元数据
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: ftp.repo
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 130 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
ftp.repo | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): ftp.repo/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): ftp.repo/filelists_db | 3.2 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): ftp.repo/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): ftp.repo/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
4.测试
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install tree -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 ftp.repo 46 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# tree
.
├── bak
│ ├── CentOS-Base.repo
│ ├── CentOS-CR.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
│ ├── CentOS-fasttrack.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Media.repo
│ ├── CentOS-Sources.repo
│ └── CentOS-Vault.repo
└── ftp.repo
1 directory, 8 files
