MSSQLServer基础04(常用函数)

类型转换函数

CAST ( expression AS data_type)
CONVERT ( data_type, expression,[style]) 

对日期的转换。转换成各种国家格式的日期。
select convert(varchar(20),getdate(),104)
Style的格式,查sql帮助。(输入convert函数查询)
将日期转换为指定格式的字符串。日期→字符串

select
isnull(convert(varchar(10),tEnglish),'缺考')
from TblScore


select '平均成绩是' + cast(30 as varchar(3))
select cast(9.85 as int)  ----------------舍去小数
ROUND()  -------------------4舍5入
在SQL语句中,两个连续的  单引号 ,表示 一个单引号 。(单引号的转义符。)


字符串函数(*)

LEN() :计算字符串长度(字符的个数。)
datalength();//计算字符串所占用的字节数,不属于字符串函数。
测试varchar变量与nvarchar变量存储字符串a的区别。见备注1.
LOWER() 、UPPER () :转小写、大写
LTRIM():字符串左侧的空格去掉 
RTRIM () :字符串右侧的空格去掉 
LTRIM(RTRIM('         bb        '))
LEFT()、RIGHT()  截取取字符串
SELECT LEFT('abcdefg',2) 
SUBSTRING(string,start_position,length),索引从1开始。
参数string为主字符串,start_position为子字符串在主字符串中的起始位置,length为子字符串的最大长度。SELECT  SUBSTRING('abcdef111',2,3) 


日期函数

GETDATE() :取得当前日期时间 
DATEADD (datepart , number, date ),计算增加以后的日期。参数date为待计算的日期;参数number为增量;参数datepart为计量单位,可选值见备注。DATEADD(DAY, 3,date)为计算日期date的3天后的日期,而DATEADD(MONTH ,-8,date)为计算日期date的8个月之前的日期 。

DATEDIFF ( datepart , startdate , enddate ) :计算两个日期之间的差额。 datepart 为计量单位,可取值参考DateAdd。
统计不同入学年数的学生个数:
select DateDiff(year,sInDate,getdate()),count(*) from student Group by DateDiff(year,sInDate,getdate())
DATEPART (datepart,date):返回一个日期的特定部分 

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练习

创建一张表,记录电话呼叫员的工作流水,记录呼叫员编号、对方号码、通话开始时间、通话结束时间。建表、插数据等最后都自己写SQL语句。
要求:
输出所有数据中通话时间最长的5条记录。orderby datediff
输出所有数据中拨打长途号码(对方号码以0开头)的总时长。like、sum
输出本月通话总时长最多的前三个呼叫员的编号。
输出本月拨打电话次数最多的前三个呼叫员的编号.group by,count(*)


CREATE TABLE [CallRecords]
(
[Id] [int] NOT NULL identity(1,1),
[CallerNumber] [nvarchar](50), --三位数字,呼叫中心员工编号(工号)
[TelNum] [varchar](50),
[StartDateTime] [datetime] NULL,
[EndDateTime] [datetime] NULL  --结束时间要大于开始时间,默认当前时间
)


--主键约束
alter table [CallRecords]
add constraint PK_CallRecords primary key(id)


--检查约束
alter table [CallRecords]
add constraint CK_CallRecords check(CallerNumber like ‘[0-9][0-9][0-9]’)   \d{3}错误!!


alter table [CallRecords]
add constraint CK_CallRecords_EndDateTime check(EndDateTime > StartDateTime)


--默认约束
alter table [CallRecords]
add constraint DF_CallRecords default(getdate()) for EndDateTime






INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('001', '0208888888', CAST(0x00009DAF00A4CB80 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DAF00A62E94 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('001', '0208888888', CAST(0x00009DB000D63BC0 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB000D68DC8 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('001', '89898989', CAST(0x00009DB000E85C60 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB000E92F50 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('002', '98987676', CAST(0x00009DB2015BB7A0 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB2015C4DA0 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('002', '02188839389', CAST(0x00009DA4014C9C70 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DA4014E0308 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('001', '767676766', CAST(0x00009DB400DAA0C0 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB400DD5FE0 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('003', '0227864656', CAST(0x00009DB200B9AB40 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB200B9FC1C AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('003', '676765777', CAST(0x00009DB8014042B8 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009DB80141804C AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('001', '89977653', CAST(0x00009D9A00FB9898 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D9A00FE6118 AS DateTime));
INSERT [dbo].[CallRecords] ([CallerNumber], [TelNum], [StartDateTime], [EndDateTime]) VALUES ('004', '400400400', CAST(0x00009D9A00FB9898 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D9A00FE6118 AS DateTime));



--查询通话时间最长的条记录
select datediff(second,StartDateTime,EndDateTime) from CallRecords

select top 5 datediff(second,StartDateTime,EndDateTime),Id, CallerNumber, TelNum, StartDateTime, EndDateTime
from CallRecords order by datediff(second,StartDateTime,EndDateTime) desc

--查询长途的通话总时长
select sum(datediff(second,StartDateTime,EndDateTime)) from CallRecords
where TelNum like '0%'

--查询本月通话总时长最多的前三个呼叫员的编号
select top 3 [CallerNumber],sum(datediff(ss,[StartDateTime],[EndDateTime])) from CallRecords
--where year(StartDateTime) = year(getdate()) and month(StartDateTime)= month(getdate())  
where datediff(month,[StartDateTime],‘2010-07-1’) = 0 –判断本月的另一种方法。
group by [CallerNumber]
order by sum(datediff(ss,[StartDateTime],[EndDateTime])) desc

--查询本月拨打电话次数最多的前三个呼叫员的编号
select top 3 [CallerNumber],count(*)  from CallRecords
where datediff(month,[StartDateTae],'2010-07-1') = 0
group by [CallerNumber]
order by count(*) desc

 

posted @ 2016-01-12 10:47  虚-染D  阅读(154)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报