【贪心算法】POJ-1328 区间问题

一、题目

Description

Assume the coasting is an infinite straight line. Land is in one side of coasting, sea in the other. Each small island is a point locating in the sea side. And any radar installation, locating on the coasting, can only cover d distance, so an island in the sea can be covered by a radius installation, if the distance between them is at most d.

We use Cartesian coordinate system, defining the coasting is the x-axis. The sea side is above x-axis, and the land side below. Given the position of each island in the sea, and given the distance of the coverage of the radar installation, your task is to write a program to find the minimal number of radar installations to cover all the islands. Note that the position of an island is represented by its x-y coordinates.

Figure A Sample Input of Radar Installations

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each case contains two integers n (1<=n<=1000) and d, where n is the number of islands in the sea and d is the distance of coverage of the radar installation. This is followed by n lines each containing two integers representing the coordinate of the position of each island. Then a blank line follows to separate the cases.

The input is terminated by a line containing pair of zeros

Output

For each test case output one line consisting of the test case number followed by the minimal number of radar installations needed. "-1" installation means no solution for that case.

Sample Input

3 2
1 2
-3 1
2 1

1 2
0 2

0 0

Sample Output

Case 1: 2
Case 2: 1

二、思路&心得

• 贪心算法与区间问题：以每个岛屿的坐标为中心，d为半径构造圆，该圆与X轴的两个交点即构成一个区间，若在这个区间上的任何雷达均可扫描到该岛屿。通过对n个岛屿进行处理，可得到n个区间，则问题转化成区间问题。
• 每个区间a[i]有两个端点：first和second，对区间数组a按second进行升序排序，然后从左向右扫描，对于每一个区间a[i]，若a[i].first小于之前选择的second的值，则不做任何处理，知道找到大于second的区间，然后进行下一个循环。
• 在数据输入的时候可进行特判，如若有岛屿的Y坐标大于d或则Y坐标<0或则d<0，则输入完成后直接返回-1即可。
• 数据定义记得用浮点型进行定义。
• PS:在做贪心问题时，务必确定所做的贪心选择的正确性，在做这题时因为一开始的方向就是错误的，导致浪费了很多时间。

三、代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#define MAX_SIZE 1005
using namespace std;

typedef pair<double, double> P;

P a[MAX_SIZE];

int n, ans;

double x, y, d;

bool cmp(P a, P b) {
	if (a.second < b.second) return true;
	else return false;
}

int solve() {
	bool flag = true;
	double end;
	ans = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
		scanf("%lf %lf", &x, &y);
		if (y > d || y < 0) flag = false;
		if (flag) {
			a[i].first = x - sqrt(d * d - y * y);
			a[i].second = x + sqrt(d * d - y * y);
		}
	}
	if (!flag || d < 0) return -1;
	sort(a, a + n, cmp);
 	for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
 		if (flag) {
 			end = a[i].second;
			ans ++;
			flag = false;
			continue;	 	
		}
 		if (a[i].first > end) {
 			flag = true;
 			i --;
		 }
	}
	return ans;
}

int main() {
	int step = 1;
	while (~scanf("%d %lf", &n, &d)) {
		if (!n && !d) break;
		printf("Case %d: %d\n", step ++, solve());
		getchar();
	}
	return 0;
}