有了Java8的“+”真的可以不要StringBuilder了吗

最近在头条上看到一篇帖子,说Java8开始,字符串拼接时,“+”会被编译成StringBuilder,所以,字符串的连接操作不用再考虑效率问题了,事实真的是这样吗?要搞明白,还是要看看Java编译后的字节码。

先比较这样两段代码。最简单的字符串拼接,一个用“+”,一个用StringBuilder。

    public void useOperator(){        String a = "abc";        String b = "efg";        String c = a + b;        System.out.println(c);    }    public void useStringBuilder(){        String a = "abc";        String b = "efg";        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();        stringBuilder.append(a);        stringBuilder.append(b);        System.out.println(stringBuilder.toString());    }

用javap去看这个代码的字节码,如下:

  public void useOperator();    Code:       '''a和b分别被存储到局部变量1和2中'''       0: ldc           #2                  // String abc       2: astore_1       3: ldc           #3                  // String efg       5: astore_2       '''"+"被转为StringBuilder'''       6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder       '''复制一个引用,入栈'''       9: dup       '''初始化StringBuilder,出栈'''      10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V       '''取出变量a'''      13: aload_1       '''调用append'''      14: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;       '''取出变量b'''      17: aload_2       '''调用append'''      18: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      21: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;       '''将toString返回的结果保存到局部变量3中,就是变量c'''      24: astore_3      25: getstatic     #8                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;       '''取出变量c'''      28: aload_3       '''打印结果'''      29: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V      32: return

对比源代码,useOperator中的c=a+b,被编译成了使用StringBuilder来操作,并依次把a和b添加到其中,看来确实jvm优化了“+”的拼接功能。

再看看useStringBuilder的字节码:

  public void useStringBuilder();    Code:       0: ldc           #2                  // String abc       2: astore_1       3: ldc           #3                  // String efg       5: astore_2       6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder       9: dup      10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V      13: astore_3      14: aload_3      15: aload_1      16: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      '''append方法是带返回值的,使用invokevirtual指令,如果后面不继续使用返回结果,就需要将其pop出栈,否则后面的使用就乱了'''      19: pop      20: aload_3      21: aload_2      22: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      25: pop      26: getstatic     #8                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;      29: aload_3      30: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;      33: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V      36: return

基本上和使用“+”的字节码是一致的,只不过是多了几次aload及pop,核心是一样的。

从上面的比较看,对于单一的字符串拼接,“+”确实等效于StringBuilder。能不能确认“+”是否可以替代StringBuilder,这些还不够,再看看稍微复杂一些的。

三个变量拼接。

    public void useOperator(){        String a = "abc";        String b = "efg";        String c = "123";        String e = a + b + c;        System.out.println(e);    }
  public void useOperator();    Code:       0: ldc           #2                  // String abc       2: astore_1       3: ldc           #3                  // String efg       5: astore_2       6: ldc           #4                  // String 123       8: astore_3       9: new           #5                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder      12: dup      13: invokespecial #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V      16: aload_1      17: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      20: aload_2      21: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      24: aload_3      25: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      28: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;      31: astore        4      33: getstatic     #9                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;      36: aload         4      38: invokevirtual #10                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V      41: return

貌似也没什么问题,依旧是对同一个StringBuilder对象操作。

再改一点,两次使用“+”操作符。看看会有什么不同吗?

    public void useOperator(){        String a = "abc";        String b = "efg";        String c = "123";        String e = a + b;        e = e + c;        System.out.println(e);    }
  public void useOperator();    Code:       0: ldc           #2                  // String abc       2: astore_1       3: ldc           #3                  // String efg       5: astore_2       6: ldc           #4                  // String 123       8: astore_3       '''第一个StringBuilder'''       9: new           #5                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder      12: dup      13: invokespecial #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V      16: aload_1      17: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      20: aload_2      21: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;      24: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;      27: astore        4      '''第二个StringBuilder'''      29: new           #5                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder      32: dup      33: invokespecial #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V      ......      58: return

我们注意第9行和第29行,分别对应源码的下面两行。

String e = a + b;e = e + c;

这两句,竟然分别创建了一个StringBuilder,如果你再多写几个“+”操作,就会多创建几个StringBuilder,也即是说,每个“+”的出现,都会有一个StringBuilder被new出来,这个开销实在太大了。由此看来“+”还是不能完全替代StringBuilder,只能在极简情况下可以这样理解。

知道了这个结果,那我们就应该明白,假如你有一个for(或while)循环,里面有字符串的拼接操作,你应该使用“+”还是使用StringBuilder呢?

posted @ 2020-02-21 12:06  CQqfjy  阅读(456)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报