【mysql】centos7下mysql的安装以及基本操作

centos7使用的MariaDB，替代了早期版本默认的MySQL。MariaDB是MySQL的一个分支，由开源社区维护，采用GPL授权许可，且MariaDB完全贱人MySQL。

检查centos7下现有的MariaDB安装包：
[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ rpm -qa| grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

删除MariaDB安装包：
[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

下载mysql安装包：
mysql-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
注：要对应各自centos的版本，我用的是centos7

检查是否安装其他mysql包：
rpm -qa | grep mysql

安装mysql：
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

成功结果：
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.1
warning: mysql-community-common-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Head
Preparing...                          #######################
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.17-1.e#######################
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-
warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header
Preparing...                          #######################
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-1.el7#######################
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.1
warning: mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Head
Preparing...                          #######################
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.e#######################
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.1
warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Head
Preparing...                          #######################
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.e#######################

mysql启动关闭状态：
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# service mysqld start --启动
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# service mysqld stop --关闭
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop mysqld.service
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# service mysqld status --查看状态
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2019-09-17 01:23:32 CST; 24s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 9334 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9247 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9334 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Server shutdown complete"

Sep 17 01:17:08 hadoop01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Sep 17 01:17:19 hadoop01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Sep 17 01:23:30 hadoop01 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...
Sep 17 01:23:32 hadoop01 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.

首次登陆获取自动生成的临时密码：
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-09-16T17:17:17.183833Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ?jeVxKndj40d
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.17

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

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mysql> --到此成功登陆mysql，下面我们需要修改root账户的登陆密码才能进行数据库相关操作。 --修改密码命令：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPassword'   创建授权删除查询新用户： mysql> create user 'User'@'localhost' identified by 'User_123456'; --创建 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'User'@'localhost'; --授权 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> drop user User@localhost; --删除 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;--查询 +------------------+-----------+ | user             | host      | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql.infoschema | localhost | | mysql.session    | localhost | | mysql.sys        | localhost | | root             | localhost | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)   我们进行如下操作： mysql>  create user 'User'@'localhost' identified by 'User_123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'User'@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> create user 'User'@'%' identified by 'User_123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'User'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> create user 'User'@'master' identified by 'User_123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'User'@'master'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)   mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------------------+-----------+ | user             | host      | +------------------+-----------+ | User             | %         | | User             | localhost | | mysql.infoschema | localhost | | mysql.session    | localhost | | mysql.sys        | localhost | | root             | localhost | | User             | master    | +------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql数据库的基本操作： mysql> create database test_db;--创建数据库 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> show databases; --展示数据库 +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | | test_db            | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.07 sec)   mysql> use test_db; --进入数据库 Database changed mysql> create table myclass ( --创建数据表     -> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,     -> name char(20) not null,     -> sex int(4) not null default '0',     -> degree double(16,2)); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 3 warnings (0.04 sec)   mysql> insert into myclass values(0001,"Liu Qin Jiang",0,100.00); --插入数据 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)   mysql> select * from myclass; -查询数据 +----+---------------+-----+--------+ | id | name          | sex | degree | +----+---------------+-----+--------+ |  1 | Liu Qin Jiang |   0 | 100.00 | +----+---------------+-----+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> drop table myclass; -删除数据表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)   mysql> drop database test_db; --删除数据库 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)