SpringMVC:拦截器

概述;

  过滤器和拦截器的区别? (拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用)

  过滤器:

    servlet规范中的一部分,任何javaWeb工程都可以使用

    在<url -parttern>中配置了/*后,可以对所有访问的资源进行拦截

  拦截器:

    拦截器是SpringMVC自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用    

    拦截器只会拦截访问控制器(controller)的方法,如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

    拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用

 

自定义拦截器:

  必须实现HandlerIntercepter接口

 

小Demo,

1.基础环境搭建

  1.1配置web.xml,(配置DispatcherServlet,请求分发器)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

  1.2,在spring的容器中(applicationContext)配置拦截器配置

    <!--拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--包括这个请求下面的所有请求-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.king.config.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

  1.2.1完整版spring容器基础配置,applicationContext

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <context:component-scan base-package="com.king.controller"/>
    <!--静态资源过滤,不让静态资源走视图解析器-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--注解驱动:dispatcherServlet,DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping:处理器,作用在类上,处理请求映射的,相应的用户请求传递给相应的Controller类中
                AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:适配器,作用在方法上,功能与上相似、找相应的方法-->
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jps/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--解决json乱码问题-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--包括这个请求下面的所有请求-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.king.config.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

</beans>

 

2.编写一个Controller类,用来模拟用户请求

package com.king.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @GetMapping("/t1")
    public String test(){
        System.out.println("testController方法执行了");
        return "OK";
    }
}

 

3.编写实现拦截器接口类,HandlerInterceptor

package com.king.config;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    //return true;执行下一个拦截器,放行
    //return false;不执行下一个拦截器
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======处理前========");
        return true;
    }

    //此处一般写拦截日志
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======处理后========");
    }

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======清理========");
    }
}

 

小demo,利用springmvc的拦截器实现用户登录,当非法登陆时时会被拦截器拦截

非法登录:跳过登录请求直接进入用户页面(待更)

 拦截器作用,让非法请求不执行
1.jsp页面

  1.1首页(未登录的页面)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goLogin">登录</a></h1>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/main">首页</a></h1>
  </body>
</html>

  1.2登陆页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>

<%--在web-inf下的所有页面或者资源,只能通过controller,或者servlet进行访问--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="name"><div>${error}</div>
    密码:<input type="text" name="pwd">
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>


</body>
</html>

  1.3登录成功页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>

    <title>欢迎</title>

</head>
<body>


<h1>欢迎!<span>${name}</span></h1>

<p>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
</p>

</body>
</html>

 

2.Contrller层

package com.king.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/main")
    public String main(){
        return "main";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/goLogin")
    public String login(){
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String name, String pwd, Model model){
        String username="king";
        session.setAttribute("nameInfo",name);
        if (name.equals(username)){
        model.addAttribute("name",name);
        return "main";
        }
        model.addAttribute("error","错误请重新输入");
        return "login";

    }

    @RequestMapping("/goOut")
    public String login(HttpSession session){

        session.removeAttribute("nameInfo");

        return "login";

    }



}

 

3.拦截器

注:拦截器,必须实现HandlerInterceptor接口,重写里面的方法

package com.king.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/main")
    public String main(){
        return "main";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/goLogin")
    public String login(){
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String name, String pwd, Model model){
        String username="king";
        session.setAttribute("nameInfo",name);
        if (name.equals(username)){
        model.addAttribute("name",name);
        return "main";
        }
        model.addAttribute("error","错误请重新输入");
        return "login";

    }

    @RequestMapping("/goOut")
    public String login(HttpSession session){

        session.removeAttribute("nameInfo");

        return "login";

    }



}

 

小结:

  1.拦截器时springmvc的,只有走SpringMVC框架的请求才会被拦截

  2.想使用拦截器,必须实现HandlerInterceptor接口

HandlerInterceptor的方法:

preHandle 

调用时间:Controller方法处理之前

执行顺序:链式Intercepter情况下,Intercepter按照声明的顺序一个接一个执行

若返回false,则中断执行,注意:不会进入afterCompletion

 

postHandle

调用前提:preHandle返回true

调用时间:Controller方法处理完之后,DispatcherServlet进行视图的渲染之前,也就是说在这个方法中你可以对ModelAndView进行操作

执行顺序:链式Intercepter情况下,Intercepter按照声明的顺序倒着执行

备注:postHandle虽然post打头,但post、get方法都能处理

 

afterCompletion

调用前提:preHandle返回true

调用时间:DispatcherServlet进行视图的渲染之后

多用于清理资源

 

  

   

 

 

 

  

 

 

    

  

posted @ 2020-11-16 21:43  凸然猿  阅读(171)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报