C++ //模板案例-数组封装类

//模板案例-数组封装类
//描述
//实现一个通用的数组类
//1.可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行储存
//2.将数组很脏的数据储存到堆区
//3.构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
//4.提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题
//5，提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
//6.可以通过下标的方式访问数组的元素
//7.可以获取数组在当前元素个数和数组的容量

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<fstream>
#include"MyArray.hpp"
using namespace std;

void printfIntArray(MyArray <int>&arr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
    {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
}


void test01()
{
    MyArray <int>arr1(5);

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        //利用尾插法向数组中插入数据
        arr1.Push_Back(i);
    }
    cout << "arry1的打印输出为： " << endl;
    printfIntArray(arr1);

    cout << "arr1的容量为： " << arr1.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << "arr1的大小为： " << arr1.getSize() << endl;

    
    cout << "arry2的打印输出为： " << endl;
    MyArray<int>arr2(arr1);
    printfIntArray(arr2);

    //尾删
    arr2.Pop_Back();
    cout << "arr2尾删后： " << endl;

    cout << "arr2的容量为： " << arr2.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << "arr2的大小为： " << arr2.getSize() << endl;
    //MyArray<int>arr3(100);
    //arr3 = arr1;
}

//测试自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:

    Person()
    {

    }
    Person(string name, int age)
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }


    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person>& arr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
    {
        cout << "姓名： " << arr[i].m_Name << " 年龄：" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;


    }
}
void test02()
{
    MyArray<Person>arr(10);

    Person p1("张三", 200);
    Person p2("李四",20);
    Person p3("王五", 30);
    Person p4("赵六",99);
    Person p5("孙七", 48);

    //将数据插入到数组中
    arr.Push_Back(p1);
    arr.Push_Back(p2);
    arr.Push_Back(p3);
    arr.Push_Back(p4);
    arr.Push_Back(p5);

    //打印数组
    printPersonArray(arr);

    //打印容量
    cout << "arr容量为：" << arr.getCapacity() << endl;

    //打印大小
    cout << "arr容量为：" << arr.getSize() << endl;

}
int main()
{

    test01();
    test02();

    system("pause");

    return 0;

}

MyArray.hpp

#pragma once
//自己的通用数组类
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T>
class MyArray
{
public:

    //有参构造  参数 容量
    MyArray(int capacity)
    {
        //cout << "Myarray有参构造调用"<<endl;
        this->m_Capacity = capacity;
        this->m_Size = 0;
        this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
    }
    //拷贝构造
    MyArray(const MyArray& arr)
    {
        //cout << "Myarray有拷贝造调用" << endl;
        this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
        this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
        //this->pAddress = arr.pAddress;


        //深拷贝
        this->pAddress  = new T[arr.m_Capacity];

        //将arr中的数据都拷贝过来
        for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
        {
            this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
        }


    }
    //operator =防止浅拷贝的问题 a = b =c
    MyArray& operator = (const MyArray& arr)
    {
        //cout << "Myarray的 operator= 调用" << endl;
        //先判断原来堆区是否有数据 如果有先释放
        if (this->pAddress != NULL)
        {
            delete[]this->pAddress;
            this->pAddress = NULL;
            this->m_Capacity = 0;
            this->m_Size = 0;
        }

        //深拷贝
        this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
        this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
        this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
        for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
        {
            this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
        }
        return *this;
    }

    //尾插法
    void Push_Back(const T &val)
    {
        //判断容量是否等于大小
        if (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size)
        {
            return;
        }
        //在数组末尾插入数据
        this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;
        this->m_Size++;  //更新数组大小
    }
    //尾删法
    void Pop_Back()
    {
        //让用户访问不到最后一个元素，即为尾删，逻辑删除
        if (this->m_Size == 0)
        {
            return;
        }
        this->m_Size--;
    }

    //通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
    T& operator[](int index)
    {
        return this->pAddress[index];
    }

    //返回数组的容量
    int getCapacity()
    {
        return this->m_Capacity;
    }
    //返回数组大小
    int getSize()
    {
        return this->m_Size;
    }





    //析构函数
    ~MyArray()
    {
        if (this->pAddress != NULL)
        {
            //cout << "Myarray析构函数调用" << endl;
            delete[] this->pAddress;
            this->pAddress = NULL;
        }
    }
private:

    T* pAddress;  //指针指向堆区开辟的真时数组

    int m_Capacity; //数组容量

    int m_Size;     //数组大小
};