golang

golang
https://github.com/golang/go
http://golang.org/
https://golang.org/doc/install
https://go.googlesource.com/go

官方下载:
https://golang.org/dl/
[macOS] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.darwin-amd64.pkg
[linux] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[win64] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.windows-amd64.msi
[source] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.src.tar.gz

国内下载:
http://www.golangtc.com/download
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.darwin-amd64.pkg
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.freebsd-386.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.linux-386.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.src.tar.gz
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-386.msi
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-386.zip
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-amd64.msi
http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-amd64.zip
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hq1mrDM



----------------
安装Go语言
----------------

方式一:利用管理工具(可能不包含go源码或者源码位置分开,导致工具不能使用,不建议作为开发使用)
Homebrew (mac)
$ brew install go --cross-compile-all
$ ls `go env GOROOT`/pkg

apt-get (ubuntu)
$ apt-get install golang


方式二:官方二进制分发包(推荐)
支持平台众多,参见前面“国内下载”。

linux是tar.gz包手动解压到/usr/local/:
$ sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.7rc3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

mac平台的pkg向导也会将go安装在/usr/local/
windows平台的msi,会将GO安装C:盘(C:\Go),并且GOPATH为C:\Go\GOPATH,在“系统属性 - 高级 - 环境变量”中配置它们。

为mac和linux配置环境变量(GOROOT、PATH、GOPATH)
GOROOT
$ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
$ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
PATH
$ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
$ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
GOPATH
用于go查找、安装go包,可用英文冒号(windows是分号)分隔多个路径。
$ mkdir -p $HOME/Developer/gopath
然后
$ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
$ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
如果将来需要使用 $GOPATH/bin 中的工具,可以将它也加入到PATH中,
或者将其中常用的命令创建文件软链接到PATH指向的目录(如/usr/local/bin)里。

安装完成
重启终端(或者用source重新载入你的启动配置文件)
$ go version        // 查看go版本
go version go1.7rc3 darwin/amd64
$ go env            // 查看go环境


例子
创建一个测试文件 hello.go,内容:
package main

import "fmt"

// main
func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello World!")
}

$ go run hello.go
Hello World!
$ go build hello.go
$ ./hello
Hello World!


----------------
配置开发工具
----------------
使用go get安装:
go get -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
go get -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go get -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
go get -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
go get -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go get -u -v github.com/tpng/gopkgs
go get -u -v github.com/newhook/go-symbols
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go get -u -v github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter

使用gopm代替go get
https://gopm.io/download
国内无法下载某些包的时候,可以在这里获得。
然后手动复制到$GOPATH/src对应的目录结构中,用 go install 命令安装。
有个更方便的工具gopm:
https://github.com/gpmgo/gopm
$ go get -u github.com/gpmgo/gopm
(假设GOPATH只有一个目录)
如果常用到gopm,建议创建软链接到PATH指向的目录,如:
$ ln -s $GOPATH/bin/gopm /usr/local/bin/gopm
否则可以临时设置PATH变量:
$ export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
C:\> start cmd /k path "%GOPATH%\bin";%PATH%
使用gopm get代替go get获得包:
(注意:其中-g表示下载包到~/.gopm/repos后拷贝到$GOPATH/src中)
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
gopm get -g -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
gopm get -g -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/tpng/gopkgs
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/newhook/go-symbols
gopm get -g -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
gopm get -g -u -v github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter
然后使用go install安装包:
(注意:如果使用go get就不需要再执行一次install,但是gopm需要)
go install github.com/nsf/gocode
go install github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go install github.com/golang/lint/golint
go install github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
go install sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go install github.com/tpng/gopkgs
go install github.com/newhook/go-symbols
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go install github.com/nsf/gocode
go install github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter

有些包可能仍然无效(假如 goreturns),可以到github中搜索(找到 github.com/sqs/goreturns),
然后用go get命令安装,如果失败,用gopm get -g加go install命令安装它。
再不行,到 https://gopm.io/download 中搜索,手动解压复制到 $GOPATH/src 后,go install安装。

注:Windows下载安装某些64位程序可能需要64位版本的gcc支持。
下载MinGW64:http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/latest/download?source=files
运行安装向导,在Settings页里选择Architecture为x86_64,在Installation folder页更改为C:\mingw-w64。
安装完成后,将环境变量PATH中加入C:\mingw-w64\mingw64\bin
然后go-sqlite3就能被下载和正确编译了:
C:\> go get -u -v github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 (download)
github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

golang tools
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools
如果不能连接,可以用github的镜像
go get -v github.com/golang/tools
go get -v github.com/golang/net
go get -v github.com/golang/crypto
然后创建目录在$GOPATH/golang.org/x,并将tools移动进去
mv $GOPATH/src/github.com/golang/net $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/
mv $GOPATH/src/github.com/golang/crypto $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/
根据godoc的介绍用go install命令安装:https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools
go install golang.org/x/tools/benchmark/parse
go install golang.org/x/tools/blog
go install golang.org/x/tools/blog/atom
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/benchcmp
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/bundle
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/callgraph
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/compilebench
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/digraph
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/eg
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/fiximports
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godex
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gomvpkg
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goyacc
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru/serial
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/heapview
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/html2article
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/present
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/ssadump
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stress
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/tip
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/toolstash
go install golang.org/x/tools/container/intsets
go install golang.org/x/tools/cover
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/buildutil
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/cha
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/rta
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/static
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/analysis
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/redirect
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/static
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/util
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/gatefs
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/httpfs
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/mapfs
go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/zipfs
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gccgoexportdata
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gcexportdata
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gcimporter15
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/internal/gccgoimporter
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/loader
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/pointer
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/interp
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/types/typeutil
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/vcs
go install golang.org/x/tools/imports
go install golang.org/x/tools/playground
go install golang.org/x/tools/playground/socket
go install golang.org/x/tools/present
go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/eg
go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/importgraph
go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/rename
go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/satisfy


备份$gopath/src(排除m2nlight目录)
7za a -mx=9 ~/Desktop/gopath_`date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S`_src.7z $GOPATH/src -xr\!m2nlight/
在桌面生成文件如:gopath_2016-07-31-11-26-51_src.7z


TextMate
设置中将Variables的PATH设置为:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
用TextMate打开hello.go文件,它会提示安装go插件,也可以手动在
设置 - Bundles 中搜索 go 进行安装。
按CMD+R查看编译运行结果。


Sublime Text 3
所有扩展的配置,都是在对应的配置文件中指定GOPATH和(或)GOROOT
安装扩展包:GoSublime、Golang Build和Golang Tools Integration
[1]配置GoSublime:
Sublime Text - Preferences - Package Settings - GoSublime - Settings User
{
    "env": {
        "GOROOT": "/usr/local/go",
        "GOPATH": "/Users/yourname/Developer/gopath"
    }
}
注意GOPATH路径:mac是/Users/yourname,linux是/home/yourname,windows是C:\\Go\\GOPATH
windows的GOROOT路径是C:\\Go
GoSublime技巧:按CMD+..或者Ctrl+..显示GoSublime的快捷键列表。
[2]配置Golang Build:
Sublime Text - Preferences - Package Settings - Golang Config - Settings User
{
    "PATH": "/usr/local/go/bin",
    "GOROOT": "/usr/local/go",
    "GOPATH": "/Users/YOURNAME/Developer/gopath"
}
注意GOPATH路径:mac是/Users/yourname,linux是/home/yourname,windows是C:\\Go\\GOPATH
windows的GOROOT路径是C:\\Go,PATH路径是C:\\Go\\bin
按CMD+B,选择Go - Run查看结果。CMD+SHIFT+B可重新选择编译条件。
[3]关于Golang Tools Integration:
安装工具:(粘贴到终端)
go get github.com/nsf/gocode
go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
以及保存时格式化、代码着色增强等。


VSCode
安装Go扩展,如果能访问golang,可以用一条命令安装全部工具:
按Ctrl+Shift+P输入:Go:Install/Update Tools

go get -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
go get -u -v github.com/uudashr/gopkgs/cmd/gopkgs
go get -u -v github.com/ramya-rao-a/go-outline
go get -u -v github.com/acroca/go-symbols
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go get -u -v github.com/fatih/gomodifytags
go get -u -v github.com/haya14busa/goplay/cmd/goplay
go get -u -v github.com/josharian/impl
go get -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
go get -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
go get -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
go get -u -v github.com/cweill/gotests
go get -u -v github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv

go install github.com/nsf/gocode
go install github.com/uudashr/gopkgs/cmd/gopkgs
go install github.com/ramya-rao-a/go-outline
go install github.com/acroca/go-symbols
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags
go install github.com/haya14busa/goplay/cmd/goplay
go install github.com/josharian/impl
go install github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
go install sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
go install github.com/golang/lint/golint
go install github.com/cweill/gotests
go install github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv

All tools successfully installed. You're ready to Go :).

调试工具支持(可选安装,详细见Go扩展)
安装delve(https://github.com/derekparker/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation)
### mac ###
$ brew install go-delve/delve/delve
$ dlv version
Delve Debugger
Version: 0.11.0-alpha
Build: v0.11.0
注意:homebrew安装不需要手动创建证书dlv-cert,它会被自动创建,但是删除的时候需要手动删除dev-cert证书:
    $ brew uninstall delve
    $ sudo security delete-certificate -t -c dlv-cert /Library/Keychains/System.keychain
### linux ###
$ go get -v github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
$ dlv version
### windows ###
C:\> go get github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
C:\> C:\go\gopath\bin\dlv.exe version

回到VSCode,点击左侧的调试功能,在调试窗格右上角点设置,从列表里选择Go
会出现launch.json配置文件,输入配置如下:
{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Launch",
            "type": "go",
            "request": "launch",
            "mode": "debug",
            "remotePath": "",
            "port": 2345,
            "host": "127.0.0.1",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "env": {},
            "args": []
        },
        {
            "name": "Remote",
            "type": "go",
            "request": "launch",
            "mode": "remote",
            "remotePath": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "port": 2345,
            "host": "127.0.0.1",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "env": {},
            "args": []
        }
    ]
}
以上配置了两个调试功能,Launch和Remote
以Remote为例
在工作目录运行远程调试命令:
$ dlv debug --headless --listen=:2345 --log
然后在VSCode的Debug窗格里选择Remote。
设置断点,按F5开始调试。(SHIFT+F5结束调试)



------------
跨平台编译
------------
(1)未安装gox情况
如果没使用cgo,go本身就支持跨平台编译,设置GOOS和GOARCH即可。
------------------------------------------------------
GOOS        GOARCH            OS version
------------------------------------------------------
linux       386/amd64/arm     >= Linux 2.6
darwin      386/amd64         OS X (Snow Leopard + Lion)
freebsd     386/amd64         >= FreeBSD 7
windows     386/amd64         >= Windows 2000
-------------------------------------------------------
Mac下编译Win64:
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go

Linux下编译Win64:
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go

Win下编译Mac:
SET CGO_ENABLED=0
SET GOOS=darwin
SET GOARCH=amd64
go build main.go

Win下编译Linux 64:
SET CGO_ENABLED=0
SET GOOS=linux
SET GOARCH=amd64
go build main.go

(2)安装gox情况
$ go install github.com/mitchellh/gox
$ gox -h //查看帮助

直接在当前目录按{{.Dir}}_{{.OS}}_{{.Arch}}格式生成所有跨平台版本的程序:
$ cd $GOPATH/src/myproj
$ gox

通过output可指定输出模板,-os可指定操作系统,如下:
$ gox -os="windows darwin linux" -output="./bin/{{.OS}}_{{.Arch}}/{{.Dir}}"


------------
vendor 管理
------------
安装govendor(https://github.com/kardianos/govendor)
它能方便的管理包路径
$ go get -u -v github.com/kardianos/govendor
$ govendor -version
v1.0.9
用法:
$ cd $GOPATH/src/myproj
$ govendor init           # 在项目文件夹产生 vendor/vendor.json
$ govendor add +external  # 添加$GOPATH中的依赖包到 vendor
$ govendor update +vendor # 从$GOPATH中更新依赖包到 vendor
$ govendor fetch +out     # 从网络拉取依赖的包
# 拉取指定版本的包
$ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@a4bbce9fcae005b22ae5443f6af064d80a6f5a55
$ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@v1   # Get latest v1.*.* tag or branch.
$ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@=v1  # Get the tag or branch named "v1".
$ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context    # 更新包
$ govendor list           # 显示包,可以用 -v fmt 参数查看某个包的详细依赖
$ govendor update -uncommitted <updated-package-import-path> # 仅仅测试被改变的依赖包,但不真正更新 vendor
编辑 vendor/vendor.json 文件,在ignore字段可加入忽略的包,用空格分割,如:"ignore": "test appengine"
$ govendor fmt +local     # Format your repository only
$ govendor install +local # Build everything in your repository only
$ govendor test +local    # Test your repository only
说明:
+local 	l 	本地包,即项目自身的包组织
+external 	e 	外部包,即被 $GOPATH 管理,但不在 vendor 目录下
+vendor 	v 	已被 govendor 管理,即在 vendor 目录下
+std 	s 	标准库中的包
+unused 	u 	未使用的包,即包在 vendor 目录下,但项目并没有用到
+missing 	m 	代码引用了依赖包,但该包并没有找到
+program 	p 	主程序包,意味着可以编译为执行文件
+outside 	  	外部包和缺失的包
+all 	  	所有的包
命令:
init 	初始化 vendor 目录
list 	列出所有的依赖包
add 	添加包到 vendor 目录,如 govendor add +external 添加所有外部包
add PKG_PATH 	添加指定的依赖包到 vendor 目录
update 	从 $GOPATH 更新依赖包到 vendor 目录
remove 	从 vendor 管理中删除依赖
status 	列出所有缺失、过期和修改过的包
fetch 	添加或更新包到本地 vendor 目录
sync 	本地存在 vendor.json 时候拉去依赖包,匹配所记录的版本
get 	类似 go get 目录,拉取依赖包到 vendor 目录

 

posted @ 2016-07-14 22:12  Bob-wei  阅读(1918)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报