英语中常见的关系词应用详解-who,whom,whose,which,that,what,where, when, why
一、简介
1. who: 起源于古英语的"hwā",是一个关系代词和疑问代词,用来指代人,在句子中作主语或宾语。
- 词性:关系代词、疑问代词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个人的身份、角色或属性
- 功能:引导定语从句或作为疑问代词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于指代人的定语从句或询问人的身份、角色等
2. whom: 起源于古英语的"hƿām",是一个关系代词和疑问代词,用来指代人,在句子中作宾语。
- 词性:关系代词、疑问代词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个人的身份、角色或属性
- 功能:引导定语从句或作为疑问代词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于指代人的定语从句或询问人的身份、角色等,作为宾语出现
3. whose: 起源于古英语的"hwæs",是一个关系代词和疑问代词,用来指代人或物,在句子中作定语,表示所有关系。
- 词性:关系代词、疑问代词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个人或物的所有关系
- 功能:引导定语从句或作为疑问代词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于指代人或物的定语从句或询问所有关系
4. which: 起源于古英语的"hwilc",是一个关系代词和疑问代词,用来指代人或物,在句子中作主语或宾语。
- 词性:关系代词、疑问代词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个人或物的身份、角色或属性
- 功能:引导定语从句或作为疑问代词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于指代人或物的定语从句或询问身份、角色或属性
5. that: 起源于古英语的"þæt",是一个关系代词和连接词,用来指代人或物,在句子中作主语、宾语或定语。
- 词性:关系代词、连接词
- 意义:指示某个人或物的身份、角色或属性,或用来连接句子
- 功能:引导定语从句或连接句子
- 适用场景:用于指代人或物的定语从句或连接句子
6. what: 起源于古英语的"hwæt",是一个关系代词和疑问代词,用来指代人或物,在句子中作主语、宾语或定语。
- 词性:关系代词、疑问代词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个人或物的身份、角色或属性
- 功能:引导定语从句或作为疑问代词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于指代人或物的定语从句或询问身份、角色或属性
7. where: 起源于古英语的"hwǣr",是一个关系副词和疑问副词,用来指示地点,在句子中修饰动词、形容词或副词。
- 词性:关系副词、疑问副词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个地点
- 功能:引导修饰副词的定语从句或用作疑问副词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于修饰副词的定语从句或询问地点
8. when: 起源于古英语的"hwænne",是一个关系副词和疑问副词,用来指示时间,在句子中修饰动词、形容词或副词。
- 词性:关系副词、疑问副词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个时间
- 功能:引导修饰副词的定语从句或用作疑问副词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于修饰副词的定语从句或询问时间
9. why: 起源于古英语的"hwȳ",是一个关系副词和疑问副词,用来指示原因,在句子中修饰动词、形容词或副词。
- 词性:关系副词、疑问副词
- 意义:指示或疑问某个原因
- 功能:引导修饰副词的定语从句或用作疑问副词引导疑问句
- 适用场景:用于修饰副词的定语从句或询问原因
二、示例展示
1. Who:
- 例句:
a. I have a friend who loves to travel.(我有一个喜欢旅行的朋友。)
b. The person who won the race will receive a trophy.(赢得比赛的人将获得奖杯。)
c. Can you tell me who is the CEO of this company?(你能告诉我这家公司的CEO是谁吗?)
d. Do you know who broke the window?(你知道是谁打破了窗户吗?)
e. She is the one who I was talking about.(她就是我谈论的那个人。)
f. Who is that girl standing over there?(那个站在那边的女孩是谁?)
g. The person who called you left a message.(给你打电话的人留了个口信。)
h. I don't know who he is dating now.(我不知道他现在在和谁约会。)
i. The teacher who teaches math is very strict.(教数学的那位老师非常严厉。)
j. Who is going to the party tonight?(今晚谁要去聚会?)
k. The person who won the lottery is very lucky.(赢得彩票的那个人非常幸运。)
l. I don't know who took my pen.(我不知道是谁拿走了我的钢笔。)
2. Whom:
- 例句:
a. The woman whom I met yesterday is a famous actress.(我昨天遇到的那个女人是一位著名的女演员。)
b. To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
c. The doctor, whom I trust, recommended this medicine.(我信任的医生推荐了这种药。)
d. She is the person whom I was talking to.(她就是我正和她说话的那个人。)
e. Whom did you invite to the party?(你邀请了谁来参加聚会?)
f. The singer whom I admire is performing tonight.(我钦佩的歌手今晚要演出。)
g. The person whom the police arrested is a suspect.(警方逮捕的那个人是嫌疑犯。)
h. I don't know whom she is dating now.(我不知道她现在在和谁约会。)
i. Whom do you think is the best candidate for the job?(你认为谁是这个职位的最佳候选人?)
j. The woman whom he married is from France.(他结婚的那个女人来自法国。)
k. I don't remember whom I lent my book to.(我不记得我把书借给了谁。)
l. Whom are you going to invite to your wedding?(你打算邀请谁来参加你的婚礼?)
3. Whose:
- 例句:
a. The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.(那辆车被盗的男子向警方报案了。)
b. Do you know whose phone this is?(你知道这是谁的手机吗?)
c. I saw a dog whose tail was wagging happily.(我看到一只尾巴摇得很开心的狗。)
d. The girl, whose father is a doctor, wants to become a nurse.(那个女孩的父亲是医生,她想成为一名护士。)
e. Whose bag is this?(这是谁的包?)
f. The manager, whose team won the championship, was praised by everyone.(那位经理的团队赢得了冠军,受到了大家的赞扬。)
g. The person whose name was called went up to the stage.(被叫到名字的那个人上台了。)
h. Do you remember whose idea it was?(你记得这是谁的主意吗?)
i. The house whose window was broken belongs to my friend.(那个窗户被打破的房子属于我朋友。)
j. Whose dog is barking outside?(外面的狗是谁的?)
k. The book, whose cover is torn, is still readable.(封面破损的那本书仍然可读。)
l. Do you know whose car is parked in front of our house?(你知道停在我们家前面的那辆车是谁的吗?)
4. Which:
- 例句:
a. This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的那本书。)
b. The car which was parked outside belongs to my neighbor.(停在外面的那辆车是我邻居的。)
c. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?(你更喜欢茶还是咖啡?)
d. The company is looking for a new CEO, which is a challenging position.(公司正在寻找一位新的CEO,这是一个具有挑战性的职位。)
e. Which team won the game?(哪个队赢了比赛?)
f. The computer, which is on the desk, belongs to my sister.(桌子上的那台电脑是我姐姐的。)
g. I can't decide which movie to watch tonight.(我不能决定今晚看哪部电影。)
h. The restaurant, which serves delicious food, is always crowded.(那家餐厅的食物很好吃,总是挤满人。)
i. Which color do you like better, red or blue?(你更喜欢哪种颜色,红色还是蓝色?)
j. The dog, which was barking loudly, scared the cat.(那只大声吠叫的狗吓到了猫。)
k. Which book are you reading right now?(你现在正在读哪本书?)
l. The dress, which she wore to the party, was stunning.(她穿着去参加聚会的那件连衣裙非常漂亮。)
5. That:
- 例句:
a. The book that I'm reading is very interesting.(我正在读的那本书非常有趣。)
b. The movie that I watched last night was amazing.(我昨晚看的那部电影太棒了。)
c. I need the money so that I can buy the things that I want.(我需要这笔钱,这样我就能买我想要的东西了。)
d. That is the house that I used to live in.(那就是我曾经住的房子。)
e. The person that I met yesterday was very friendly.(我昨天遇到的那个人非常友好。)
f. The problem that we discussed in the meeting is still unresolved.(我们在会议上讨论的问题仍未解决。)
g. The song that she sang touched everyone's heart.(她唱的那首歌触动了每个人的心灵。)
h. I can't find the book that I borrowed from the library.(我找不到我从图书馆借的那本书。)
i. The car that he drives is very expensive.(他开的那辆车非常昂贵。)
j. That is the person that I was talking to on the phone.(那就是我在电话里和他交谈的人。)
k. The dress that she wore to the party was beautiful.(她穿着去参加聚会的那件连衣裙很漂亮。)
l. I don't remember the name of the book that I read last month.(我不记得上个月我读的那本书的名字了。)
6. What:
- 例句:
a. I don't know what she wants.(我不知道她想要什么。)
b. Tell me what you think about this idea.(告诉我你对这个想法有什么看法。)
c. What I like about him is his sense of humor.(我喜欢他的是他的幽默感。)
d. What is your favorite color?(你最喜欢的颜色是什么?)
e. I can't remember what happened yesterday.(我记不得昨天发生了什么事情。)
f. What she said made me angry.(她说的话让我生气。)
g. What he did was unacceptable.(他所做的是无法接受的。)
h. I don't understand what he is talking about.(我不明白他在说什么。)
i. What time is the meeting?(会议是什么时候?)
j. I want to know what you think about this proposal.(我想知道你对这个提议有什么看法。)
k. What she did was beyond my expectations.(她所做的超出了我的预期。)
l. Can you explain to me what happened?(你能向我解释一下发生了什么吗?)
7. Where:
- 例句:
a. This is the park where we used to play.(这是我们过去常常玩的公园。)
b. Do you know where she lives?(你知道她住在哪里吗?)
c. I want to go to a place where I can relax and enjoy nature.(我想去一个我可以放松和享受大自然的地方。)
d. The school where he teaches is very famous.(他教书的那所学校非常有名。)
e. Where did you go on your vacation?(你假期去了哪里?)
f. The café where we had lunch is just around the corner.(我们吃午饭的那家咖啡馆就在拐角处。)
g. The city where I was born is in the southern part of the country.(我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。)
h. I can't remember where I put my keys.(我记不得我把钥匙放在哪里了。)
i. Where are you going this weekend?(这个周末你要去哪里?)
j. The beach where we spent our vacation was beautiful.(我们度假的那个海滩很美。)
k. I don't know where she went after work.(我不知道她下班后去了哪里。)
l. Where is the nearest hospital?(最近的医院在哪里?)
8. When:
- 例句:
a. I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
b. Do you know when the concert starts?(你知道音乐会什么时候开始吗?)
c. I will never forget the moment when I received my diploma.(我永远不会忘记我拿到学位证书的那一刻。)
d. When did you move to this city?(你什么时候搬到这个城市的?)
e. I can't remember when we last saw each other.(我记不得我们上次见面是什么时候了。)
f. The day when we went hiking was very sunny.(我们去徒步旅行的那一天阳光明媚。)
g. When is your birthday?(你的生日是什么时候?)
h. I can't decide when to take a vacation.(我决定不了什么时候去度假。)
i. Do you remember when we went to that concert together?(你记得我们什么时候一起去过那场音乐会吗?)
j. The year when I graduated from college was 2018.(我大学毕业的那一年是2018年。)
k. I don't know when the meeting will be rescheduled.(我不知道会议将何时重新安排。)
l. When is the deadline for submitting the application?(提交申请的截止日期是什么时候?)
9. Why:
- 例句:
a. I don't understand why she is always late.(我不明白她为什么总是迟到。)
b. Can you explain why you made that decision?(你能解释一下为什么你做出那个决定吗?)
c. That's the reason why I couldn't attend the party.(这就是我不能参加聚会的原因。)
d. Why did you choose this restaurant?(你为什么选择这家餐厅?)
e. I can't figure out why he is so angry.(我搞不懂他为什么这么生气。)
f. Why didn't you tell me earlier?(为什么你不早点告诉我?)
g. I want to know why she quit her job.(我想知道她为什么辞掉了工作。)
h. Why are you crying?(你为什么哭了?)
i. I don't understand why he said that.(我不明白他为什么说那样的话。)
j. Why did you buy this book?(你为什么买这本书?)
k. I can't explain why I feel this way.(我无法解释为什么我有这种感觉。)
l. Why is the sky blue?(为什么天空是蓝色的?)
三、总结
这些单词都是疑问词或连接词,用于提问或引导从句。以下是它们的相同点与不同点总结:
相同点:
- 所有这些词都用于提问或引导从句。
- 它们都可以用于引导定语从句或名词性从句。
不同点:
- "who"用于询问人的身份或特征,例如:"Who is that girl?"
- "whom"是"who"的宾格形式,用于在从句中作宾语,例如:"Whom did you invite to the party?"
- "whose"表示所属关系,用于询问或表达所有权,例如:"Whose book is this?"
- "which"用于询问或引导从句中的事物或选择,例如:"Which restaurant do you prefer?"
- "that"通常用于引导限定性定语从句或名词性从句,例如:"The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting."
- "what"用于询问或引导从句中的事物或情况,例如:"What is your favorite color?"
- "where"用于询问或引导从句中的地点,例如:"Where are you going?"
- "when"用于询问或引导从句中的时间,例如:"When is your birthday?"
- "why"用于询问原因或目的,例如:"Why are you crying?"
需要注意的是,这些词的用法和语法规则可能会因上下文而有所变化。