Oracle常用操作命令

一、DOS命令下用超管进入

sqlplus /nolog;
conn / as sysdba;

二、修改INIT.ORA文件参数

alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs2 scope=spfile;
alter system set undo_management=auto scope=spfile;

三、启用/关闭 归档日志(archive log)

  • 开启归档日志
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog; -- 开启归档日志
alter database open; -- 开启数据库
archive log list; --查看归档日志状态
  • 关闭归档日志
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
archive log list;

四、修改最大连接数

  • 查询数据库最大连接数
select value from v$parameter where name = 'processes'; --数据库允许的最大连接数
  • 修改最大连接数
alter system set processes = 1000 scope = spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup

 五、查询oracle版本

select * from v$version;

 

六、比较命令decode 

select decode(sign(变量1 - 变量2), -1, 变量1, 变量2) from dual; --取较小值

 

七、查看表大小 

select segment_name,
       tablespace_name,
       bytes B,
       bytes / 1024 KB,
       bytes / 1024 / 1024 MB
  from user_segments
 where segment_type = 'TABLE';

八、查看死锁与解锁

  查询死锁:

SELECT l.session_id sid,
       s.serial#,
       l.locked_mode,
       l.oracle_username,
       l.os_user_name,
       s.machine,
       s.terminal,
       o.object_name,
       s.logon_time
  FROM v$locked_object l, all_objects o, v$session s
 WHERE l.object_id = o.object_id
   AND l.session_id = s.sid
 ORDER BY sid, s.serial#;

  解锁:

alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; --结合上面查询死锁结果使用

九、查询数据库正在使用用户信息

select a."MACHINE", a."PROGRAM", a."PREV_EXEC_START", a.terminal
  from v$session a
 where a.username = 'HRPDEV';

🔟、查看表空间名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size
  from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
 where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
 group by t.tablespace_name;
  • 查看表空间物理名称及大小

select tablespace_name,
       file_id,
       file_name,
       round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space
  from dba_data_files
 order by tablespace_name;
  • 查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name,
       tablespace_name,
       r.status,
       (initial_extent / 1024) initialextent,
       (next_extent / 1024) nextextent,
       max_extents,
       v.curext curextent
  from dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
 where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
 order by segment_name;
  • 查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile; 
  • 查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile; 
  • 查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes) / (1024 * 1024) as free_space, tablespace_name
  from dba_free_space
 group by tablespace_name;

select a.tablespace_name,
       a.bytes total,
       b.bytes used,
       c.bytes free,
       (b.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% USED ",
       (c.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% FREE "
  from sys.sm$ts_avail a, sys.sm$ts_used b, sys.sm$ts_free c
 where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
   and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;

十一、查看数据库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
  from all_objects
 group by owner, object_type, status;

 十二、查看数据库用户以及对应的表空间

SELECT USERNAME, DEFAULT_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS;
  • 删除用户以及其所有对象
DROP USER YXT CASCADE; 
  • 删除表空间,同时删除数据文件
DROP TABLESPACE YXT INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES; -- YXT为用户名

备注:

  1. 删除表空间之前要确认该表空间没有被其他用户使用之后再做删除;
  2. including contents 删除表空间中的内容,如果删除表空间之前表空间中有内容,而未加此参数,则表空间删不掉;
  3. including datafiles 删除表空间中的数据文件;
  4. cascade constraints 同时删除tablespace中表的外键参照;
  • 删除DBLINK
DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK  HRP_ZK_LINK; -- HRP_ZK_LINK为DBLINK名称

 十三、查看执行计划

explain plan for SQL;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

例如:

  

 

posted @ 2018-02-13 14:26  BillyYang  阅读(5195)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报