RabbitMQ-路由和主题模式

概述

Topic 类型的Exchange与Direct相比，都是可以根据 RoutingKey把消息路由到不同的队列。只不过Topic类型Exchange可以让队列在绑定Routing key 的时候使用通配符！这种模式Routingkey 一般都是由一个或多个单词组成，多个单词之间以 ”.” 分割，例如： item.insert

• # 统配符
• * (star) can substitute for exactly one word：匹配不多不少恰好1个词
• # (hash) can substitute for zero or more words：匹配0个或多个词

# 示例如下所示：

audit.#：匹配 audit.irs.corporate 或者 audit.irs 等

audit.*：只能匹配 audit.irs

创建生产者

/**
 * @author: BNTang
 */
public class Producer {

    @Test
    public void sendMessage() throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtil.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        String exchangeName = "topic";

        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        // 声明一个路由 key
        String routingKey = "user";

        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, ("我是一个topic类型的交换机消息 + routingKey = " + routingKey).getBytes());

        System.out.println("消息发送成功");

        RabbitMQUtil.closeChannelAndConnection(channel, connection);
    }
}

创建消费者 1

/**
 * @author BNTang
 */
public class Consumer1 {

    @Test
    public void receiveMessage() throws Exception {

        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtil.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        String exchangeName = "topic";

        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        // 得到一个临时队列
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

        // 绑定队列到交换机
        channel.queueBind(queue, exchangeName, "user.*");

        // 消费消息
        channel.basicConsume(queue, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者【1】收到消息" + new String(body));
            }
        });

        System.in.read();
    }
}

创建消费者 2

/**
 * @author BNTang
 */
public class Consumer2 {

    @Test
    public void receiveMessage() throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQUtil.getConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        String exchangeName = "topic";

        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        // 得到一个临时队列
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

        // 绑定队列到交换机
        channel.queueBind(queue, exchangeName, "user.#");

        // 消费消息
        channel.basicConsume(queue, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者【2】收到消息" + new String(body));
            }
        });

        System.in.read();
    }
}

测试

先启动消费者1和消费者2，再分别发送routingKey=user和user.add和user.add.insert等类型的消息。查看结果即可。