FPGA：乒乓球比赛模拟机的设计
简介
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开发板：EGO1
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开发环境：Windows10 + Xilinx Vivado 2020
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数字逻辑大作业题目 7： 乒乓球比赛模拟机的设计
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乒乓球比赛模拟机用发光二极管（LED）模拟乒乓球运动轨迹，是由甲乙双方参赛，加上裁判的三人游戏（也可以不用裁判）。
管脚约束代码：
点击查看代码
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports CLK]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports hitA]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports hitB]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P17 [get_ports CLK]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P5 [get_ports hitA]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN R1 [get_ports hitB]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[7]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F6 [get_ports {ballLocation[7]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G4 [get_ports {ballLocation[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G3 [get_ports {ballLocation[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J4 [get_ports {ballLocation[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H4 [get_ports {ballLocation[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J3 [get_ports {ballLocation[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J2 [get_ports {ballLocation[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K2 [get_ports {ballLocation[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports speedA]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P4 [get_ports speedA]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports speedB]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN N4 [get_ports speedB]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K1 [get_ports {statusOut[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H6 [get_ports {statusOut[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN M1 [get_ports {statusOut[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K3 [get_ports {statusOut[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[7]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[7]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[7]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B4 [get_ports {LED0[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A4 [get_ports {LED0[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A3 [get_ports {LED0[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B1 [get_ports {LED0[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A1 [get_ports {LED0[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B3 [get_ports {LED0[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B2 [get_ports {LED0[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D5 [get_ports {LED0[7]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D4 [get_ports {LED1[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN E3 [get_ports {LED1[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D3 [get_ports {LED1[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F4 [get_ports {LED1[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F3 [get_ports {LED1[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN E2 [get_ports {LED1[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D2 [get_ports {LED1[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H2 [get_ports {LED1[7]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G2 [get_ports {LEDBit[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN C2 [get_ports {LEDBit[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN C1 [get_ports {LEDBit[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H1 [get_ports {LEDBit[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G1 [get_ports {LEDBit[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F1 [get_ports {LEDBit[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN E1 [get_ports {LEDBit[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G6 [get_ports {LEDBit[7]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports reset]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P2 [get_ports reset]
设计要求
- 主要功能
- 模拟乒乓球比赛，用发光二极管（LED）模拟乒乓球运动轨迹，由甲乙双方参赛；
- 用8个LED灯表示球桌，其中点亮的LED来回移动表示乒乓球的运动，球速可以调节；
- 当球移动到最左侧或最右侧时，表示一方的击球位置。如果提前击球，或未及时击球，则对方得一分；
- 甲乙得分使用数码管计分，一局11球；
- 用发光二极管表示甲乙的发球权，每5分交换发球权。
- 附加功能
- 用发光二极管提示甲乙的接球和发球；
- 比赛结束后，用数码管动态显示胜利的一方。
工作原理
本电路由时钟分频模块，玩家控制器模块，分数处理模块，游戏控制模块，乒乓球运动控制模块和数码管显示模块组成。
- 比赛开始前，可以通过reset开关重置比赛；
- 比赛进行时，甲乙两位选手通过扳动开关来实现挥动球拍和控制球速的效果。当乒乓球到击球位置时，若选手未及时击球，或提前击球，则输掉一球，对方加一分。每打5球，就交换一次球权，共打11球，数码管上会显示当前得分，分高者获胜；
- 比赛结束后，数码管会显示箭头来表示一方的获胜；
- 另外还有4个LED来表示双方的发球和接球。
- 系统方框图：
注意
- 语言为SystemVerilog，源代码文件后缀为sv。
- 乒乓球控制模块为顶层模块
各部分模块具体功能及设计思路
游戏控制器模块
- 模块功能：控制整个模拟器各组件状态；
- 设计思路：该模块主要是用于控制比赛的进行。在设计中，使用status表示当前的比赛状态。010表示A发球，001表示B发球，110表示玩家A接球，101表示玩家B接球。这样的规定能够有效区分乒乓球不同的运动状态，并判定发/击球的有效性，同时显示在LED灯上来提示选手。另外再用accurateBallLocation [32:0]来表示球的精确位置，范围为$1000_{10} - 9000_{10} $，这样使球在LED显示的误差范围内，可以被击中。
- 代码：
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module GameController( //全局状态控制器
input CLK,
input reg hitA, //玩家A输入
input [1: 0] speedA, //玩家A速度
input reg hitB, //玩家B输入
input [1: 0] speedB, //玩家B速度
input reg serviceSide, //发球方
input reg reset, //重置
output reg [2: 0] status, //全局状态
output reg [7: 0] ballLocation, //球位置
output reg getScoreA, //A得分
output reg getScoreB //B得分
);
reg hitATrigger;
reg hitBTrigger;
reg [2: 0] speed;
reg [15: 0] accurateBallLocation;
reg resetTrigger;
// reg serviceSide;
initial begin //初始化变量
hitATrigger = 'b0;
hitBTrigger = 'b0;
status = 'b010;
accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;
speed = 'd2;
// serviceSide = 'b0;
getScoreA = 'b0;
getScoreB = 'b0;
resetTrigger = 'b0;
end
always @(posedge CLK) begin //根据报告所述转换状态
if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin
hitATrigger = 'b0;
hitBTrigger = 'b0;
status = 'b010;
accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;
speed = 'd2;
// serviceSide = 'b0;
getScoreA = 'b0;
getScoreB = 'b0;
end
else begin
if(status == 'b010 || status == 'b001) begin//换发球
status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;
getScoreA = 'b0;
getScoreB = 'b0;
end
if(status == 'b010) begin //A发球
accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;
if(hitATrigger == 'b0 && hitA == 'b1) begin
status = 'b101;
if(speedA == 'd00) speed = 'd2;
else speed = 'd4;
end
hitATrigger = hitA;
end
else if(status == 'b001) begin //B发球
accurateBallLocation = 'd10000;
if(hitBTrigger == 'b0 && hitB == 'b1) begin
status = 'b110;
if(speedB == 'd00) speed = 'd2;
else speed = 'd4;
end
hitBTrigger = hitB;
end
else if(status == 'b110) begin //A接球
if(hitATrigger == 'b0 && hitA == 'b1) begin
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd1000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd3000) begin
status = 'b101;
if(speedA == 'd00) speed = 'd2;
else speed = 'd4;
end
end
hitATrigger = hitA;
if(accurateBallLocation < 'd500) begin
getScoreB = 'b1;
status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;
end
accurateBallLocation -= speed * 'd3;
end
else if(status == 'b101) begin //B接球
if(hitBTrigger == 'b0 && hitB == 'b1) begin
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd9000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd11000) begin
status = 'b110;
if(speedB == 'd00) speed = 'd2;
else speed = 'd4;
end
end
hitBTrigger = hitB;
if(accurateBallLocation >'d11500) begin
getScoreA = 'b1;
status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;
end
accurateBallLocation += speed * 'd3;
end
end
resetTrigger = reset;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd2000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd3000) ballLocation = 'b10000000;//球的位置显示
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd3000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd4000) ballLocation = 'b01000000;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd4000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd5000) ballLocation = 'b00100000;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd5000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd6000) ballLocation = 'b00010000;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd6000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd7000) ballLocation = 'b00001000;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd7000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd8000) ballLocation = 'b00000100;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd8000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd9000) ballLocation = 'b00000010;
if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd9000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd10000) ballLocation = 'b00000001;
end
endmodule
玩家控制模块
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模块功能：控制玩家输入与接发球操作；
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设计思路：在设计电路中规定了使能端EN，玩家只有在轮到自己发/击球时才有效；并规定了击球的间隔，模拟了击空的情况。除此之外还设计实现了玩家击球速度的选择。
-
代码：
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module Player(CLK, EN, hit, speed, hitOut, speedOut);
input CLK, EN, hit, speed;
output reg hitOut;
output reg [1: 0] speedOut;
reg [31: 0] activeInterval = 'd1000; //一个下降沿到下一个上升沿直接最小时间间隔
reg [31: 0] interval;
reg hitTrigger;
initial begin
interval = 'd0;
hitTrigger = 'b0;
hitOut = 'b0;
speedOut = 'b1;
end
always @(posedge CLK) begin
if(EN == 'b1) begin
if(hitTrigger =='b0 && hit == 'b1) begin
if(interval >= activeInterval) begin
hitOut = hit;
end
end
else if(hitTrigger == 'b1 && hit == 'b0) begin
interval = 'd0;
hitOut = hit;
end
hitTrigger = hit;
interval += 1;
if(speed == 'b0) begin
speedOut = 'd00;
end
else begin
speedOut = 'd01;
end
end
end
endmodule
时钟分频模块
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模块功能：对时钟分频；
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设计思路：将EG01的100MHZ的时钟分频为1000HZ。
-
代码：
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module ClockDivider(originCLK, dividedCLK);
input originCLK;
output dividedCLK;
reg tempDivCLK;
reg [31: 0] count;
// reg [31: 0] ratio = 'd2;
reg [31: 0] ratio = 'd100_000; //时钟分频器，将P17的100MHz分为1000Hz
initial begin
tempDivCLK = 'b0;
count = 'd0;
end
always @(posedge originCLK) begin
count = count + 1;
if(count == ratio)
count = 'd0;
if(count == 'd0)
tempDivCLK = 'b0;
if(count == ratio / 2)
tempDivCLK = 'b1;
end
assign dividedCLK = tempDivCLK;
endmodule
乒乓球控制模块
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模块功能：接受信号控制乒乓球从左向右移动，或者从右向左移动，并且可以根据玩家选择的击球速度去调整；
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设计思路：用8个LED模拟，点亮的灯表示球的位置，然后像流水灯一样来回滚动，在发球时暂停。
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代码：这里实际上包括在了游戏控制，下面代码是调用其他的Main。
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module Main(
input CLK,
input hitA,
input speedA,
input hitB,
input speedB,
input reset,
output reg [3: 0] statusOut,
output wire [7: 0] ballLocation,
output wire [7:0] LED0,
output wire [7:0] LED1,
output wire [7:0] LEDBit
);
wire [2: 0] status;
wire dividedCLK;
wire [1: 0] speedOutA;
wire [1: 0] speedOutB;
wire getScoreA, getScoreB;
ClockDivider clockDivider(CLK, dividedCLK);
wire serviceSide;
reg EnA;
reg EnB;
initial begin
EnA = 'b1;
EnB = 'b1;
end
Player player1(dividedCLK, EnA, hitA, speedA, hitOutA, speedOutA);
Player player2(dividedCLK, EnB, hitB, speedB, hitOutB, speedOutB);
GameController gameController( //调用全局状态控制器
dividedCLK,
hitOutA,
speedOutA,
hitOutB,
speedOutB,
serviceSide,
reset,
status,
ballLocation,
getScoreA,
getScoreB
);
always @(posedge dividedCLK) begin
if(status == 'b010) begin
statusOut = 'b1000;
end
else if(status == 'b001) begin
statusOut = 'b0001;
end
else if(status == 'b110) begin
statusOut = 'b0100;
end
else if(status == 'b101) begin
statusOut = 'b0010;
end
end
reg [7:0][7:0] dataIn;
reg [31:0] count;
initial begin
count = 'd0;
while(count < 8) begin
dataIn[count] = 'd100;
count ++;
end
count = 'd0;
end
DigitalTubeDriver digitalTubeDriver( //调用数码管驱动
dividedCLK,
dataIn,
LED0,
LED1,
LEDBit
);
wire endGame;
wire [1:0] winner;
wire [15: 0] scoreA;
wire [15: 0] scoreB;
ScoreBoard scoreBoard(
dividedCLK,
getScoreA,
getScoreB,
reset,
serviceSide,
endGame,
winner,
scoreA,
scoreB
);
reg [7:0] i;
reg [7:0] j;
reg [31:0] countTemp;
reg [31:0] countTemp2;
reg resetTrigger;
reg [31: 0] flowLightCount;
reg endGameTrigger;
initial begin
resetTrigger = 'b0;
flowLightCount = 'd0;
endGameTrigger = 'd0;
end
always @(posedge dividedCLK) begin
if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin
EnA = 'b1;
EnB = 'b1;
dataIn[2] = 'd100;//不显示
dataIn[3] = 'd100;
dataIn[4] = 'd100;
dataIn[5] = 'd100;
endGameTrigger = 'd0;
end
resetTrigger = reset;
i = 'd0;
countTemp = scoreB;
while(i < 'd2) begin
dataIn[i] = countTemp % 'd10;
countTemp /= 'd10;
i++;
end
j = 'd6;
countTemp2 = scoreA;
while(j < 'd8) begin
dataIn[j] = countTemp2 % 'd10;
countTemp2 /= 'd10;
j++;
end
if(endGame == 'b1) begin //游戏结束时显示箭头指向赢的玩家
if(endGameTrigger == 'b0) begin
EnA = 'b0;
EnB = 'b0;
end
if(winner == 'b10) begin
case(flowLightCount)
'd100: dataIn[2] = 'd22;//箭头
'd200: dataIn[3] = 'd22;
'd300: dataIn[4] = 'd22;
'd400: dataIn[5] = 'd22;
endcase
flowLightCount++;
if(flowLightCount == 'd500) begin
flowLightCount = 'd0;
dataIn[2] = 'd100;
dataIn[3] = 'd100;
dataIn[4] = 'd100;
dataIn[5] = 'd100;
end
end
else begin
case(flowLightCount)
'd100: dataIn[5] = 'd21;//箭头
'd200: dataIn[4] = 'd21;
'd300: dataIn[3] = 'd21;
'd400: dataIn[2] = 'd21;
endcase
flowLightCount++;
if(flowLightCount == 'd500) begin
flowLightCount = 'd0;
dataIn[2] = 'd100;
dataIn[3] = 'd100;
dataIn[4] = 'd100;
dataIn[5] = 'd100;
end
end
end
endGameTrigger = endGame;
end
endmodule
分数处理模块
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模块功能：计数。每进行一轮控制分数加1，判断是否已打够11球，是则判别出获胜方。
-
设计思路：在A，B两人分数上升沿时，对总分加1，然后判断是否已满11球。若满11球，比较判断出胜利的一方，随后将其状态传给显示模块用于显示结果。
-
代码：
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module ScoreBoard(
input CLK,
input getScoreA,
input getScoreB,
input reset,
output reg serviceSide,
output reg endGame,
output reg [1:0] winner,
output reg [15: 0] scoreA,
output reg [15: 0] scoreB
);
reg getScoreATrigger;
reg getScoreBTrigger;
reg resetTrigger;
initial begin
serviceSide = 'b0;
endGame = 'b0;
getScoreATrigger = 'b0;
getScoreBTrigger = 'b0;
scoreA = 'b0;
scoreB = 'b0;
resetTrigger = 'b0;
end
always @(posedge CLK) begin
if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin
serviceSide = 'b0;
endGame = 'b0;
getScoreATrigger = 'b0;
getScoreBTrigger = 'b0;
scoreA = 'b0;
scoreB = 'b0;
end
else begin //getScoreA或getScoreB出现上升沿，对应玩家得分
if(getScoreATrigger == 'b0 && getScoreA == 'b1)
scoreA ++;
if(getScoreBTrigger == 'b0 && getScoreB == 'b1)
scoreB ++;
getScoreATrigger = getScoreA;
getScoreBTrigger = getScoreB;
if((scoreA + scoreB) / 5 % 2 == 'd0) //每5个球换发
serviceSide = 'b0;
else
serviceSide = 'b1;
if(scoreA + scoreB == 'd11) //到达11个球时游戏结束
endGame = 'b1;
if(endGame == 1) begin //游戏结束时判断赢的那方
if(scoreA > scoreB)
winner = 'b10;
else if(scoreA < scoreB)
winner = 'b01;
else
winner = 'b11;
end
else begin
winner = 'b00;
end
end
resetTrigger = reset;
end
endmodule
数码管显示模块
-
模块功能：利用数码管显示比赛数据；
-
设计思路：使用$ 8 * 8 $的矩阵显示每个数码管的显示情况，另外设有对每个数码管表示显示的标志，从而动态地去更新。在有一方获胜后，会将不显示分数的数码管动态地闪烁箭头，以此来表示获胜的一方。
-
代码：
点击查看代码
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//参考EGO1的数码管显示模块
module DigitalTubeDriver( //数码管驱动
input CLK,
input reg [7:0][7:0] dataIn, //输入数据
output reg [7:0] LED0, //输出的LED0，管理前4位显示
output reg [7:0] LED1, //输出的LED1，管理后4位显示
output reg [7:0] LEDBit //LEDBIT，管理每个亮或不亮
);
reg [3:0] count;
wire [7:0] data0;
initial begin
LEDBit = 'b00000001;
count = 'd0;
end
// assign LED1 = LED0;
always @(posedge CLK) begin
case(dataIn[count]) //检查每种数字或符号对应亮哪些边
'd0: LED0 = 'b00111111;
'd1: LED0 = 'b00000110;
'd2: LED0 = 'b01011011;
'd3: LED0 = 'b01001111;
'd4: LED0 = 'b01100110;
'd5: LED0 = 'b01101101;
'd6: LED0 = 'b01111101;
'd7: LED0 = 'b00000111;
'd8: LED0 = 'b01111111;
'd9: LED0 = 'b01101111;
'd21: LED0 = 'b01110000;
'd22: LED0 = 'b01000110;
default: LED0 = 'b00000000;
endcase
if(count == 'd7) begin
count = 'd0;
LEDBit = 'b00000001;
end
else if(count == 'd0) begin
LEDBit = 'b10000000;
count = 'd1;
end
else begin
count++;
LEDBit = LEDBit >> 1;
end
LED1 = LED0;
end
endmodule
参考文献
[1] Vivado环境下多个并行的仿真测试文件如何支持单独仿真。
https://blog.csdn.net/CDCL19_220327/article/details/125802252?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
[2] Vivado里程序固化详细教程。
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_15674025/article/details/84535754?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
[3] xilinx vivado 自带仿真工具xsim信号为蓝色Z态的解决办法。
https://blog.csdn.net/Shawge/article/details/107592471?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
[4] Vivado环境下多个并行的仿真测试文件如何支持单独仿真？
https://blog.csdn.net/CDCL19_220327/article/details/125802252?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
本文来自博客园，作者：江水为竭，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/Az1r/p/17025883.html
