英语语法随笔1
英语句子
9种成分
Subject(主) predicate(谓) object(宾)
attribute(定) adverbrial(状)
object complement(宾补)
subject complement(表)
double object(双宾)
apposite(同位)
8种句式
简单句
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓+双宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
复杂句
名词性从句
定语从句
状语从句
1.陈述句
两种形式
1.肯定式
I have money.
肯定变否定的方式,助动词后加否定词(not)
2.否定式
(1) Be动词后加not。如is not,are not,am not, was not,were not;
(2)在can、should、 will后加not。 如can not,should not,will not;
(3)上述都没有的,在动词前加助动词否定形式don't、doesn't,didn't;
(4) Some改成any
例句: she is watching TV now( 她现在在看电视)
改为She isn't watching TV now
He does well in Maths.(他的数学很好)
改成He doesn't well in Maths.(他的 数学不好)
I don't have money.
句式
主+谓(不及物动词才能玩主谓)
I run.
主+谓+宾
I love you.
主+系+表(系动词为:be的形式,感官动词)
主+谓+双宾(直接宾语+间接宾语)
I give you money.
谓语后加两个东西,都是动作的对象。
主+谓+宾+宾补
They orderd hamburger their lunch.
疑问句
1.一般疑问句(Do you love me?)
2.特殊疑问句(Why do you love me?)
3.选择疑问句(Do you love my body or hearts?)
4.反义疑问句(You love me,don't you ?)
一般疑问句
可以用yes,no回答:
陈述句变一般疑问句三种形式:
1. 提前系动词(be动词,感官动词)
主+系+表 变 系+主+表
陈述句:You (are) a student。
一般疑问句:Are you a student?
回答:Yes,I am/No,I‘m not.
2.提前情态动词(will,may,will等)
主+情态动词+动词原形+其他 变 情态动词+主+动词原形+其他.
陈述句:You (can) play football.
一般疑问句:Can you play football?
回答:Yes,I can/No,I can’t.
3.提前助动词(Do,Does,did)
如果没有be动词和情态动词,则要用助动词Do或Does、did来帮助
陈述句: she speaks English very well.(她英语说得很好)
一般疑问句Does she speak English very well?(她英语说得很好吗?)
选择好助动词后就可以把原句跟上去,注意的是后面的动词要用原形,如例句中的speak
特殊疑问句
不可以用yes,no回答
对句子中某个成分提问。
用特殊疑问词开头。
who 提问人:Who's next?
whose提问所属:Whose car is this?
whom提问宾格人:Whom did you choose for them leader?
what提问事物属性:What time is it?
when提问时间:When can we start working?
where提问地点:Where is bathroom?
why提问原因:Why did he do it?
how提问方式数量:How heavy is it?
how many/much多少:How much longer?
which提问选择:Which is your choice?
选择疑问句
不可以用yes,no回答
选择疑问句用or连接
提问两个以上的句子内容供选择
Do you like to play football or basketball?
回答:
I like to play football/I like to play basketball.
反义疑问句
可以用yes,no回答
前肯后否,前否后肯
陈述句是肯定,疑问句部分用否定句
He is your teacher,isn't he?
陈述句是否定,疑问句部分用肯定句
He isn't your teacher,he is?
根据事实回答:Yes,he is./No,he isn't.
祈使句的反义疑问句
用will you和won't you
Open the door ,won't you? 打开门,不好吗?
Don't open the door,will you? 不打开门,好吗?
不管否定,肯定,let's开头,结尾就是shall we.le
let us开头结尾就是will you
肯定:let's go to school ,shall we?
let us go outside,will we?
否定:let's don't go out,shall we?
Don't let us go there,will you?