Pandas备忘录

DataFrames are the central data structure in the pandas API. It‘s like a spreadsheet, with numbered rows and named columns.

为方便引入例程，先导入对应模块。

import pandas as pd

The following code instantiates a  pd.DataFrame  class to generate a DataFrame.

# Create and populate a 5x2 NumPy array.
my_data = np.array([[0, 3], [10, 7], [20, 9], [30, 14], [40, 15]])

# Create a Python list that holds the names of the two columns.
my_column_names = ['temperature', 'activity']

# Create a DataFrame.
my_dataframe = pd.DataFrame(data=my_data, columns=my_column_names)

# Print the entire DataFrame
print(my_dataframe)

You may add a new column to an existing pandas DataFrame just by assigning values to a new column name.

# Create a new column named adjusted.
my_dataframe["adjusted"] = my_dataframe["activity"] + 2

# Print the entire DataFrame
print(my_dataframe)

Pandas provide multiples ways to isolate specific rows, columns, slices or cells in a DataFrame.

print("Rows #0, #1, and #2:")
print(my_dataframe.head(3), '\n')

print("Row #2:")
print(my_dataframe.iloc[[2]], '\n') # The type of result is DataFrame.
print("Row #2:")
print(my_dataframe.iloc[2], '\n') # The type of the result is Series.
print("Rows #1, #2, and #3:")
print(my_dataframe[1:4], '\n') # Note the index starts from the second row not 
# 1st

print("Column 'temperature':")
print(my_dataframe['temperature'])

Q: What's the difference between Series and DataFrame? 

A: The former is a column(Google Gemini insists row but I don't know why) of the latter.

How to index a particular cell of the DataFrame?

# Create a Python list that holds the names of the four columns.
my_column_names = ['Eleanor', 'Chidi', 'Tahani', 'Jason']

# Create a 3x4 numpy array, each cell populated with a random integer.
my_data = np.random.randint(low=0, high=101, size=(3, 4))

# Create a DataFrame.
df = pd.DataFrame(data=my_data, columns=my_column_names)

# Print the entire DataFrame
print(df)

# Print the value in row #1 of the Eleanor column.
print("\nSecond row of the Eleanor column: %d\n" % df['Eleanor'][1]) #Chained # indexing

The following code shows how to create a new column to an existing DataFrame through row-by-row calculation between or among columns:

# Create a column named Janet whose contents are the sum
# of two other columns.
df['Janet'] = df['Tahani'] + df['Jason']

# Print the enhanced DataFrame
print(df)

Pandas provides two different ways to duplicate a DataFrame:

• Referencing: 藕不断丝连。
• Copying: 相互独立。

 

# Create a reference by assigning my_dataframe to a new variable.
print("Experiment with a reference:")
reference_to_df = df

# Print the starting value of a particular cell.
print("  Starting value of df: %d" % df['Jason'][1])
print("  Starting value of reference_to_df: %d\n" % reference_to_df['Jason'][1])

# Modify a cell in df.
df.at[1, 'Jason'] = df['Jason'][1] + 5 # Why not using Chained Indexing for #DataFrame assignment?
print("  Updated df: %d" % df['Jason'][1])
print("  Updated reference_to_df: %d\n\n" % reference_to_df['Jason'][1])

There're a lot of differences among  .iloc ,  .at  and Chained indexing. It seems the last one might not be a proper way for assignment, though it can exchange positions freely with  .at  generating exactly the same output, superficially.

The following code shows an experiment of a copy(to B finished)

copy_of_my_dataframe = my_dataframe.copy()