「模板」后缀数组
经过本蒟蒻大约两天的努力，总算是把后缀数组的模板写出来了 然而 ZXY 大佬已经 AK 了
我们不能和这种神仙比，还是自己比比就好了...
我的后缀数组实现有两个版本，其实他们的本质区别就在于基数排序的实现的部分。
后面会加入求 height[] 的代码，不过现在还是算了吧...
用伪链表实现基数排序可能好理解一些，但是容易因为内存访问过于跳跃而被卡常。
而用经典基数排序写法实现的代码，可能比较难理解，这个自己想想就好办了...
伪链表实现基数排序
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define rep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i<=i##_end_;++i)
#define fep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i>=i##_end_;--i)
#define writc(a,b) fwrit(a),putchar(b)
#define mp(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define ft first
#define sd second
#define LL long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define uint unsigned int
#define pii pair< int,int >
#define Endl putchar('\n')
// #define FILEOI
// #define int long long
// #define int unsigned
// #define int unsigned long long
#ifdef FILEOI
# define MAXBUFFERSIZE 500000
inline char fgetc(){
static char buf[MAXBUFFERSIZE+5],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,MAXBUFFERSIZE,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
# undef MAXBUFFERSIZE
# define cg (c=fgetc())
#else
# define cg (c=getchar())
#endif
template<class T>inline void qread(T& x){
char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
if(f)x=-x;
}
inline int qread(){
int x=0;char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
return f?-x:x;
}
// template<class T,class... Args>inline void qread(T& x,Args&... args){qread(x),qread(args...);}
template<class T>inline T Max(const T x,const T y){return x>y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T Min(const T x,const T y){return x<y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T fab(const T x){return x>0?x:-x;}
inline int gcd(const int a,const int b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
inline void getInv(int inv[],const int lim,const int MOD){
inv[0]=inv[1]=1;for(int i=2;i<=lim;++i)inv[i]=1ll*inv[MOD%i]*(MOD-MOD/i)%MOD;
}
template<class T>void fwrit(const T x){
if(x<0)return (void)(putchar('-'),fwrit(-x));
if(x>9)fwrit(x/10);
putchar(x%10^48);
}
inline LL mulMod(const LL a,const LL b,const LL mod){//long long multiplie_mod
return ((a*b-(LL)((long double)a/mod*b+1e-8)*mod)%mod+mod)%mod;
}
const int MAXN=1e6;
char s[MAXN+5];
int sa[MAXN+5],rnk[(MAXN<<1)+5][2],now;
int n,siz;//siz : 当前桶用到的部分
inline void Init(){
scanf("%s",s+1);
n=strlen(s+1);
s[++n]='\0';
}
int Q[MAXN+5],nxt[MAXN+5],tail[MAXN+5],head[MAXN+5],qcnt;
inline void Push(const int ind,const int val){
Q[++qcnt]=val;
nxt[qcnt]=0;
if(!head[ind])head[ind]=qcnt;
else nxt[tail[ind]]=qcnt;
tail[ind]=qcnt;
}
inline void Clear(){qcnt=0;}
inline void Getsa(){
/*------------------------- 预处理 SA_1 -------------------------*/
rep(i,1,n)Push((int)s[i],i);
for(int i=0,x=0;i<=256;++i)if(tail[i]){
++siz;
while(head[i]){
sa[++x]=Q[head[i]];
rnk[Q[head[i]]][now]=siz;
head[i]=nxt[head[i]];
}
}
Clear();
// puts("------sa_1 ans rnk_1------");
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",sa[i]);Endl;
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",rnk[i][now]);Endl;
/*------------------------- END -------------------------*/
/*------------------------- 倍增算 SA_i -------------------------*/
for(int k=1;k<n;k<<=1){//使用倍增思想解决
for(int i=n-k+1;i<=n;++i)//先处理掉那些没有后半部分的
Push(rnk[i][now],i);
for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)if(sa[i]>k)//按照前半部分放进桶, 如果没有前半部分则不管
Push(rnk[sa[i]-k][now],sa[i]-k);
for(int i=0,x=0;i<=siz;++i)//将队列里的东西放到 sa 数组里面去
while(head[i]){
sa[++x]=Q[head[i]];
head[i]=nxt[head[i]];
}
siz=0;//准备更新最大的 rnk 值
for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){
if(rnk[sa[i-1]][now]!=rnk[sa[i]][now] || rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now]!=rnk[sa[i]+k][now])++siz;
//前一半和前一半比，后一半和后一半比
rnk[sa[i]][now^1]=siz;
}
now^=1;Clear();//滚动数组 + 清空队列
if(siz==n)break;//核心剪枝...
}
/*------------------------- END -------------------------*/
}
signed main(){
#ifdef FILEOI
freopen("file.in","r",stdin);
freopen("file.out","w",stdout);
#endif
Init();
Getsa();
//第一个一定是最小的, 因此不管
rep(i,2,n)printf("%d ",sa[i]);Endl;
return 0;
}
经典写法实现基数排序
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define rep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i<=i##_end_;++i)
#define fep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i>=i##_end_;--i)
#define writc(a,b) fwrit(a),putchar(b)
#define mp(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define ft first
#define sd second
#define LL long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define uint unsigned int
#define pii pair< int,int >
#define Endl putchar('\n')
// #define FILEOI
// #define int long long
// #define int unsigned
// #define int unsigned long long
#ifdef FILEOI
# define MAXBUFFERSIZE 500000
inline char fgetc(){
static char buf[MAXBUFFERSIZE+5],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,MAXBUFFERSIZE,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
# undef MAXBUFFERSIZE
# define cg (c=fgetc())
#else
# define cg (c=getchar())
#endif
template<class T>inline void qread(T& x){
char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
if(f)x=-x;
}
inline int qread(){
int x=0;char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
return f?-x:x;
}
// template<class T,class... Args>inline void qread(T& x,Args&... args){qread(x),qread(args...);}
template<class T>inline T Max(const T x,const T y){return x>y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T Min(const T x,const T y){return x<y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T fab(const T x){return x>0?x:-x;}
inline int gcd(const int a,const int b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
inline void getInv(int inv[],const int lim,const int MOD){
inv[0]=inv[1]=1;for(int i=2;i<=lim;++i)inv[i]=1ll*inv[MOD%i]*(MOD-MOD/i)%MOD;
}
template<class T>void fwrit(const T x){
if(x<0)return (void)(putchar('-'),fwrit(-x));
if(x>9)fwrit(x/10);
putchar(x%10^48);
}
inline LL mulMod(const LL a,const LL b,const LL mod){//long long multiplie_mod
return ((a*b-(LL)((long double)a/mod*b+1e-8)*mod)%mod+mod)%mod;
}
const int MAXN=1e6;
char s[MAXN+5];
int sa[MAXN+5],rnk[MAXN+5][2],now;
int n,siz;//siz : 当前桶用到的部分
inline void Init(){
scanf("%s",s+1);
n=strlen(s+1);
s[++n]='\0';
}
int tax[MAXN+5],tp[MAXN+5];
inline void Getsa(){
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]=(int)s[i]];
rep(i,1,siz=256)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
fep(i,n,1)sa[tax[rnk[i][now]]--]=i;
// printf("sa_1 and rnk_1\n");
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",sa[i]);Endl;
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",rnk[i][now]);Endl;
for(int k=1,x=0;k<=n;k<<=1,x=0){
rep(i,n-k+1,n)tp[++x]=i;
rep(i,1,n)if(sa[i]>k)tp[++x]=sa[i]-k;
// puts("____________________________________________________________");
// printf("tp:");rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",tp[i]);Endl;
rep(i,0,siz)tax[i]=0;
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]];
rep(i,1,siz)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
// printf("tax:");rep(i,0,siz)writc(tax[i],' ');Endl;
fep(i,n,1){
// printf("Now tp[%d] == %d, rnk[%d][%d] == %d\n",i,tp[i],tp[i],now,rnk[tp[i]][now]);
// printf("This is the %d-th\n",tax[rnk[tp[i]][now]]);
sa[tax[rnk[tp[i]][now]]--]=tp[i];
}
rnk[sa[1]][now^1]=siz=1;
rep(i,2,n){
// printf("Now compare %d and %d\n",sa[i-1],sa[i]);
// printf("Compare (%d,%d) or (%d,%d)\n",rnk[sa[i-1]][now],rnk[sa[i]][now],rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now],rnk[sa[i]+k][now]);
rnk[sa[i]][now^1]=(rnk[sa[i-1]][now]==rnk[sa[i]][now] && rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now]==rnk[sa[i]+k][now])?siz:++siz;
}
now^=1;
// printf("sa_%d and rnk_%d\n",k<<1,k<<1);
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",sa[i]);Endl;
// rep(i,1,n)printf("%d ",rnk[i][now]);Endl;
if(siz==n)break;
}
}
signed main(){
#ifdef FILEOI
freopen("file.in","r",stdin);
freopen("file.out","w",stdout);
#endif
Init();
Getsa();
//第一个一定是最小的, 因此不管
rep(i,2,n)printf("%d ",sa[i]);Endl;
return 0;
}
求 height 数组
\(\mathcal O(N\log N\log N)\) 复杂度
使用 \(\texttt{ST}\) 表求 height 数组，可能效率有点低，但是比较直观。
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define rep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i<=i##_end_;++i)
#define fep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i>=i##_end_;--i)
#define writc(a,b) fwrit(a),putchar(b)
#define mp(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define ft first
#define sd second
#define LL long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define uint unsigned int
#define pii pair< int,int >
#define Endl putchar('\n')
// #define FILEOI
// #define int long long
#define int unsigned
// #define int unsigned long long
#ifdef FILEOI
# define MAXBUFFERSIZE 500000
inline char fgetc(){
static char buf[MAXBUFFERSIZE+5],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,MAXBUFFERSIZE,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
# undef MAXBUFFERSIZE
# define cg (c=fgetc())
#else
# define cg (c=getchar())
#endif
template<class T>inline void qread(T& x){
char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
if(f)x=-x;
}
inline int qread(){
int x=0;char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
return f?-x:x;
}
// template<class T,class... Args>inline void qread(T& x,Args&... args){qread(x),qread(args...);}
template<class T>inline T Max(const T x,const T y){return x>y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T Min(const T x,const T y){return x<y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T fab(const T x){return x>0?x:-x;}
inline int gcd(const int a,const int b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
inline void getInv(int inv[],const int lim,const int MOD){
inv[0]=inv[1]=1;for(int i=2;i<=lim;++i)inv[i]=1ll*inv[MOD%i]*(MOD-MOD/i)%MOD;
}
template<class T>void fwrit(const T x){
if(x<0)return (void)(putchar('-'),fwrit(-x));
if(x>9)fwrit(x/10);
putchar(x%10^48);
}
inline LL mulMod(const LL a,const LL b,const LL mod){//long long multiplie_mod
return ((a*b-(LL)((long double)a/mod*b+1e-8)*mod)%mod+mod)%mod;
}
const int MAXN=50000;
const int logMAXN=15;
const int INF=(1<<30)-1;
char s[MAXN+5];
int sa[MAXN+5],rnk[MAXN+5][2],h[MAXN+5][2],now,n;
int tax[MAXN+5],tp[MAXN+5],siz;
int T;
int ST[MAXN+5][logMAXN+5];
inline void Init(){
scanf("%s",s+1);
n=strlen(s+1);
s[++n]='\0';
rep(i,0,MAXN)tax[i]=0;
rep(i,0,MAXN)h[i][0]=h[i][1]=0;
rep(i,0,MAXN)rep(j,0,logMAXN)ST[i][j]=0;
}
inline int Ask(const int l,const int r){
int ret=INF,p=Min(l,r)+1,len=fab(r-l),i=0;
while(len){
if(len&1){
ret=Min(ret,ST[p][i]);
p+=(1<<i);
}
len>>=1,++i;
}
return ret;
}
inline void Getsa(){
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]=s[i]];
rep(i,1,siz=256)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
fep(i,n,1)sa[tax[rnk[i][now]]--]=i;
for(int k=1,x=0;k<n;k<<=1,x=0){
rep(i,n-k+1,n)tp[++x]=i;
rep(i,1,n)if(sa[i]>k)tp[++x]=sa[i]-k;
rep(i,0,siz)tax[i]=0;
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]];
rep(i,1,siz)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
fep(i,n,1)sa[tax[rnk[tp[i]][now]]--]=tp[i];
siz=0;
rep(i,1,n){++siz;
if(i!=1 && rnk[sa[i-1]][now]==rnk[sa[i]][now] && rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now]==rnk[sa[i]+k][now])--siz;
else if(siz==1)h[siz][now^1]=1;
else if(rnk[sa[i-1]][now]!=rnk[sa[i]][now])h[siz][now^1]=h[rnk[sa[i]][now]][now];
else h[siz][now^1]=k+Ask(rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now],rnk[sa[i]+k][now]);
rnk[sa[i]][now^1]=siz;
}
now^=1;
if(siz==n)break;
rep(i,2,siz)ST[i][0]=h[i][now];
for(int j=1,L=1;j<=logMAXN;L<<=1,++j)for(int i=2;i+L<=siz;++i)
ST[i][j]=Min(ST[i][j-1],ST[i+L][j-1]);
}
}
inline void Solve(){
int ans=n*(n-1)/2;
for(int i=3;i<=n;++i)ans-=h[i][now];
writc(ans,'\n');
}
signed main(){
#ifdef FILEOI
freopen("file.in","r",stdin);
freopen("file.out","w",stdout);
#endif
T=qread();
while(T--){
Init();
Getsa();
Solve();
}
return 0;
}
\(\mathcal O(N)\) 时间复杂度
只是求 height 数组的时间复杂度为 \(\mathcal O(N)\)，但是由于求 sa 数组的时间复杂度为 \(\mathcal O(N\log N)\)，所以总体复杂度仍为 \(\mathcal O(N\log N)\)。
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#define rep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i<=i##_end_;++i)
#define fep(i,__l,__r) for(signed i=(__l),i##_end_=(__r);i>=i##_end_;--i)
#define writc(a,b) fwrit(a),putchar(b)
#define mp(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define ft first
#define sd second
#define LL long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define uint unsigned int
#define pii pair< int,int >
#define Endl putchar('\n')
// #define FILEOI
// #define int long long
#define int unsigned
// #define int unsigned long long
#ifdef FILEOI
# define MAXBUFFERSIZE 500000
inline char fgetc(){
static char buf[MAXBUFFERSIZE+5],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,MAXBUFFERSIZE,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
# undef MAXBUFFERSIZE
# define cg (c=fgetc())
#else
# define cg (c=getchar())
#endif
template<class T>inline void qread(T& x){
char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
if(f)x=-x;
}
inline int qread(){
int x=0;char c;bool f=0;
while(cg<'0'||'9'<c)f|=(c=='-');
for(x=(c^48);'0'<=cg&&c<='9';x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48));
return f?-x:x;
}
// template<class T,class... Args>inline void qread(T& x,Args&... args){qread(x),qread(args...);}
template<class T>inline T Max(const T x,const T y){return x>y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T Min(const T x,const T y){return x<y?x:y;}
template<class T>inline T fab(const T x){return x>0?x:-x;}
inline int gcd(const int a,const int b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
inline void getInv(int inv[],const int lim,const int MOD){
inv[0]=inv[1]=1;for(int i=2;i<=lim;++i)inv[i]=1ll*inv[MOD%i]*(MOD-MOD/i)%MOD;
}
template<class T>void fwrit(const T x){
if(x<0)return (void)(putchar('-'),fwrit(-x));
if(x>9)fwrit(x/10);
putchar(x%10^48);
}
inline LL mulMod(const LL a,const LL b,const LL mod){//long long multiplie_mod
return ((a*b-(LL)((long double)a/mod*b+1e-8)*mod)%mod+mod)%mod;
}
const int MAXN=50000;
const int logMAXN=15;
const int INF=(1<<30)-1;
char s[MAXN+5];
int sa[MAXN+5],rnk[MAXN+5][2],h[MAXN+5],now,n;
int tax[MAXN+5],tp[MAXN+5],siz;
int T;
inline void Init(){
scanf("%s",s+1);
n=strlen(s+1);
s[++n]='\0';
rep(i,0,MAXN)tax[i]=0;
rep(i,0,MAXN)h[i]=0;
}
inline void Getsa(){
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]=s[i]];
rep(i,1,siz=256)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
fep(i,n,1)sa[tax[rnk[i][now]]--]=i;
for(int k=1,x=0;k<n;k<<=1,x=0){
rep(i,n-k+1,n)tp[++x]=i;
rep(i,1,n)if(sa[i]>k)tp[++x]=sa[i]-k;
rep(i,0,siz)tax[i]=0;
rep(i,1,n)++tax[rnk[i][now]];
rep(i,1,siz)tax[i]+=tax[i-1];
fep(i,n,1)sa[tax[rnk[tp[i]][now]]--]=tp[i];
siz=0;
rep(i,1,n){++siz;
if(i!=1 && rnk[sa[i-1]][now]==rnk[sa[i]][now] && rnk[sa[i-1]+k][now]==rnk[sa[i]+k][now])--siz;
rnk[sa[i]][now^1]=siz;
}
now^=1;
if(siz==n)break;
}
}
inline void Gethe(){
int k=0,j;
rep(i,1,n){
if(rnk[i][now]==1)continue;
j=sa[rnk[i][now]-1];
if(k)--k;
while(i+k<=n && j+k<=n && s[i+k]==s[j+k])++k;
h[rnk[i][now]]=k;
}
}
inline void Solve(){
int ans=n*(n-1)/2;
for(int i=3;i<=n;++i)ans-=h[i];
writc(ans,'\n');
}
signed main(){
#ifdef FILEOI
freopen("file.in","r",stdin);
freopen("file.out","w",stdout);
#endif
T=qread();
while(T--){
Init();
Getsa();
Gethe();
Solve();
}
return 0;
}
