python 装饰器
python装饰器(fuctional decorators)就是用于拓展原来函数功能的一种函数,目的是在不改变原函数名(或类名)的情况下,给函数增加新的功能。
1.函数作为参数值返回
def hi(name="yasoob"): def greet(): return "now you are in the greet() function" def welcome(): return "now you are in the welcome() function" if name == "yasoob": return greet else: return welcome a = hi() print(a) #outputs: <function greet at 0x7f2143c01500> #上面清晰地展示了`a`现在指向到hi()函数中的greet()函数 #现在试试这个 print(a()) #outputs: now you are in the greet() function
这是因为当你把一对小括号放在后面,这个函数就会执行;然而如果你不放括号在它后面,那它可以被到处传递,并且可以赋值给别的变量而不去执行它。
2.装饰器的应用——日志
from functools import wraps def logit(func): @wraps(func) def with_logging(*args, **kwargs): print(func.__name__ + " was called") print('args = {}'.format(*args)) return func(*args, **kwargs) return with_logging @logit def addition_func(x): """Do some math.""" return x + x result = addition_func(4) print(result)
3.带有参数的装饰器
from functools import wraps def logit(logfile='out.log'): def logging_decorator(func): @wraps(func) def wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs): log_string = func.__name__ + " was called" print(log_string) # 打开logfile,并写入内容 with open(logfile, 'a') as opened_file: # 现在将日志打到指定的logfile opened_file.write(log_string + '\n') return func(*args, **kwargs) return wrapped_function return logging_decorator @logit() def myfunc1(): pass myfunc1() # Output: myfunc1 was called # 现在一个叫做 out.log 的文件出现了,里面的内容就是上面的字符串 @logit(logfile='func2.log') def myfunc2(): pass myfunc2() # Output: myfunc2 was called # 现在一个叫做 func2.log 的文件出现了,里面的内容就是上面的字符串