Bootstrap-v5-布局（断点）
一、断点（Breakpoints）
1、可用的断点（Available breakpoints）
$grid-breakpoints: (
xs: 0,
sm: 576px,
md: 768px,
lg: 992px,
xl: 1200px,
xxl: 1400px
);
2、媒体查询（Media queries）
2.1 最小宽度（Min-width）
// Source mixins // No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }` @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-up(md) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-up(xl) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-up(xxl) { ... } // Usage // Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint .custom-class { display: none; } @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { .custom-class { display: block; } }
// X-Small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px) // No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap // Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up) @media (min-width: 576px) { ... } // Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up) @media (min-width: 768px) { ... } // Large devices (desktops, 992px and up) @media (min-width: 992px) { ... } // X-Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) @media (min-width: 1200px) { ... } // XX-Large devices (larger desktops, 1400px and up) @media (min-width: 1400px) { ... }
2.2 最大宽度（Max-width）
// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (max-width: 0) { ... }` @include media-breakpoint-down(sm) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-down(md) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-down(lg) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-down(xl) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-down(xxl) { ... } // Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down @include media-breakpoint-down(md) { .custom-class { display: block; } }
// `xs` returns only a ruleset and no media query // ... { ... } // `sm` applies to x-small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px) @media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... } // `md` applies to small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px) @media (max-width: 767.98px) { ... } // `lg` applies to medium devices (tablets, less than 992px) @media (max-width: 991.98px) { ... } // `xl` applies to large devices (desktops, less than 1200px) @media (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... } // `xxl` applies to x-large devices (large desktops, less than 1400px) @media (max-width: 1399.98px) { ... }
2.3单个断点（Single breakpoint）
@include media-breakpoint-only(xs) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-only(sm) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-only(lg) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-only(xl) { ... } @include media-breakpoint-only(xxl) { ... }
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }
2.4区间断点（Between breakpoints）
@include media-breakpoint-between(md, xl) { ... }
// Example // Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }
二、容器（Containers）
1、容器的网格对比
2、默认容器（Default container）
<div class="container"> <!-- Content here --> </div>
3、响应式容器（Responsive containers）
<div class="container-sm">100% wide until small breakpoint</div> <div class="container-md">100% wide until medium breakpoint</div> <div class="container-lg">100% wide until large breakpoint</div> <div class="container-xl">100% wide until extra large breakpoint</div> <div class="container-xxl">100% wide until extra extra large breakpoint</div>
4、流体容器（Fluid containers）
<div class="container-fluid"> ... </div>
5、Sass
$container-max-widths: (
sm: 540px,
md: 720px,
lg: 960px,
xl: 1140px,
xxl: 1320px
);
// Source mixin @mixin make-container($padding-x: $container-padding-x) { width: 100%; padding-right: $padding-x; padding-left: $padding-x; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; } // Usage .custom-container { @include make-container(); }
三、网格系统（Grid system）
1、网格点（Grid options）
2、自动布局列（Auto-layout columns）
2.1 等宽度（Equal-width）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> 1 of 2 </div> <div class="col"> 2 of 2 </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> 1 of 3 </div> <div class="col"> 2 of 3 </div> <div class="col"> 3 of 3 </div> </div> </div>
2.2 自定义列宽度（Setting one column width）
1 <div class="container"> 2 <div class="row"> 3 <div class="col"> 4 1 of 3 5 </div> 6 <div class="col-6"> 7 2 of 3 (wider) 8 </div> 9 <div class="col"> 10 3 of 3 11 </div> 12 </div> 13 <div class="row"> 14 <div class="col"> 15 1 of 3 16 </div> 17 <div class="col-5"> 18 2 of 3 (wider) 19 </div> 20 <div class="col"> 21 3 of 3 22 </div> 23 </div> 24 </div>
2.3 可变宽度内容（Variable width content）
<div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-md-center"> <div class="col col-lg-2"> 1 of 3 </div> <div class="col-md-auto"> Variable width content </div> <div class="col col-lg-2"> 3 of 3 </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> 1 of 3 </div> <div class="col-md-auto"> Variable width content </div> <div class="col col-lg-2"> 3 of 3 </div> </div> </div>
2.4 响应类（Responsive classes）
2.4.1 所有断点（All breakpoints）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col">col</div> <div class="col">col</div> <div class="col">col</div> <div class="col">col</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8">col-8</div> <div class="col-4">col-4</div> </div> </div>
2.4.2 堆叠到水平（Stacked to horizontal）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-8">col-sm-8</div> <div class="col-sm-4">col-sm-4</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div> <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div> <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div> </div> </div>
2.4.3 混合和匹配（Mix and match）
<div class="container"> <!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div> <!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div> <!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6">.col-6</div> <div class="col-6">.col-6</div> </div> </div>
2.4.4 行列（Row columns）
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-2"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-3"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-auto"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-4"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-4"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col-6">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-sm-2 row-cols-md-4"> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> <div class="col">Column</div> </div> </div>
2.4.5 嵌套（Nesting）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"> Level 1: .col-sm-3 </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8 col-sm-6"> Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6 </div> <div class="col-4 col-sm-6"> Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
四、列（Columns）
1、对齐（Alignment）
1.1 垂直对齐（Vertical alignment）
所有列整体垂直方向对齐方式：
- align-items-start 顶部对齐
- align-items-center 中间对齐
- align-items-end 底部对齐
<div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-start"> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> </div> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> </div> <div class="row align-items-end"> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col"> One of three columns </div> </div> </div>
每行中单个列垂直方向对齐方式：
- align-self-start 顶部对齐
- align-self-center 居中对齐
- align-self-end 底部对齐
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col align-self-start"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col align-self-center"> One of three columns </div> <div class="col align-self-end"> One of three columns </div> </div> </div>
1.2 水平对齐（Horizontal alignment）
所有列水平方向的对齐方式：
- justify-content-start 向左对齐
- justify-content-center 居中对齐
- justify-content-end 向右对齐
- justify-content-around 四周对齐
- justify-content-between 两端对齐
- justify-content-evenly 平均对齐
<div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-start"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-end"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-around"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-between"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-evenly"> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> <div class="col-4"> One of two columns </div> </div> </div>
1.3 列换行（Column wrapping）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-9">.col-9</div> <div class="col-4">.col-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div> <div class="col-6">.col-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div> </div> </div>
1.4 列断裂（Column breaks）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> <!-- Force next columns to break to new line --> <div class="w-100"></div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div> <!-- Force next columns to break to new line at md breakpoint and up --> <div class="w-100 d-none d-md-block"></div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div> </div> </div>
2、重组（Alignment）
2.1 订购类（Order classes）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> First in DOM, no order applied </div> <div class="col order-5"> Second in DOM, with a larger order </div> <div class="col order-1"> Third in DOM, with an order of 1 </div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col order-last"> First in DOM, ordered last </div> <div class="col"> Second in DOM, unordered </div> <div class="col order-first"> Third in DOM, ordered first </div> </div> </div>
2.2 列偏移（Offsetting columns）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div> <div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4">.col-md-4 .offset-md-4</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div> <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3">.col-md-6 .offset-md-3</div> </div> </div>
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div> <div class="col-sm-5 offset-sm-2 col-md-6 offset-md-0">.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 offset-md-2 col-lg-6 offset-lg-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0</div> </div> </div>
2.3 外边距（Margin utilities）
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div> <div class="col-md-4 ms-auto">.col-md-4 .ms-auto</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div> <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-auto me-auto">.col-auto .me-auto</div> <div class="col-auto">.col-auto</div> </div> </div>
2.4 独立列类（Standalone column classes）
<div class="col-3 bg-light p-3 border"> .col-3: width of 25% </div> <div class="col-sm-9 bg-light p-3 border"> .col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint </div>
<div class="clearfix"> <img src="..." class="col-md-6 float-md-end mb-3 ms-md-3" alt="..."> <p> A paragraph of placeholder text. We're using it here to show the use of the clearfix class. We're adding quite a few meaningless phrases here to demonstrate how the columns interact here with the floated image. </p> <p> As you can see the paragraphs gracefully wrap around the floated image. Now imagine how this would look with some actual content in here, rather than just this boring placeholder text that goes on and on, but actually conveys no tangible information at. It simply takes up space and should not really be read. </p> <p> And yet, here you are, still persevering in reading this placeholder text, hoping for some more insights, or some hidden easter egg of content. A joke, perhaps. Unfortunately, there's none of that here. </p> </div>
五、水槽（Gutters）
1、水平水槽（Horizontal gutters）
<div class="container px-4"> <div class="row gx-5"> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> </div> </div>
<div class="container overflow-hidden"> <div class="row gx-5"> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> </div> </div>
2、垂直水槽（Vertical gutters）
<div class="container overflow-hidden"> <div class="row gy-5"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> </div> </div>
3、水平和垂直水槽（Horizontal & vertical gutters）
<div class="container"> <div class="row g-2"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> </div> </div> </div>
4、行列水槽（Row columns gutters）
<div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-2 row-cols-lg-5 g-2 g-lg-3"> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="p-3 border bg-light">Row column</div> </div> </div> </div>
5、无水槽（No gutters）
<div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div>
