RxJS Observable与axios、promise

如果用一句话阐述对于observable的简单理解,我会这么说:事件流(event stream) + 观察订阅模式(observe/subscribe pattern)。
observable相比promise,可以更好地实现函数式编程、支持取消、可以有多个事件的订阅者,等等。 在以往的项目实践中,如react,我们会用axios发起异步请求,在then中处理返回结果。当嵌套多层后,代码就会变得混乱。我们当然可以用async/await来避免回调嵌套,不过本文旨在说明如何在RxJS框架下以函数式编程的方式实现多层的异步调用。

建立Node项目

npm init -y
npm install @types/node rxjs typescript axios --save-dev

结果如下

{
  "name": "test",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^16.9.1",
    "rxjs": "^7.3.0",
    "typescript": "^4.4.3"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "axios": "^0.21.4"
  }
}

示例1:自定义实现Observable对Promise的包装

import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import axios from 'axios';

let task = new Observable( ( observer: any ) => {
    axios.get( 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users' )
    .then( ( response ) => {
        observer.next( response.data );
        observer.complete();
    } )
    .catch( ( error ) => {
        observer.error( error );
    } );
} );

task.subscribe({
    next(data) { console.log('data: ', data); },
    error(err) { console.log('something wrong occurred: ' + err); },
    complete() { console.log('done'); }
});

运行方式:
tsc [文件名].ts
node [文件名].js

示例2:用RxJS提供的from方法将Promise转换为Observable

import { from, map } from 'rxjs';
import axios from 'axios';

const promise = axios.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
const observable = from(promise).pipe(map(d => d.data));

observable.subscribe({
    next(data) { console.log('data: ', data); },
    error(err) { console.log('something wrong occurred: ' + err); },
    complete() { console.log('done'); }
})

此处在获取到数据后,再使用map将数据进行格式转换(示例中原封不动地返回)

示例3:多个Observable并行执行

import { Observable, from, forkJoin, map, of } from 'rxjs';
import { mergeMap, reduce, filter } from 'rxjs/operators';
import axios from 'axios';

const task1 = from(axios.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')).pipe(map(d => d.data));;
const task2 = from(new Promise(function(resolve) { 
    setTimeout(()=>resolve('Hello!'), 1500);
}))

forkJoin([task1, task2]).subscribe({
    next(data) { console.log('data: ', data); },
    error(err) { console.log('something wrong occurred: ' + err); },
    complete() { console.log('done'); }
})

const squareOdd = of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
  .pipe(
    filter(n => n % 2 !== 0),
    map(n => n * n)
  );

// Subscribe to get values
squareOdd.subscribe(x => console.log(x));

读者可能会问,Promise.all也可以实现同样的结果,async/await也能避免回调嵌套。 那么RxJS的优势到底在哪里呢?
的确,简单的应用场景下并无明显差别,后续我们给出更高级的应用场景,再做分享。

posted @ 2021-09-12 20:28  老胡Andy  阅读(1068)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报