多线程-生产者消费者（BlockingQueue实现）
三、采用BlockingQueue实现
BlockingQueue也是java.util.concurrent下的主要用来控制线程同步的工具。
BlockingQueue有四个具体的实现类,根据不同需求,选择不同的实现类
1、ArrayBlockingQueue：一个由数组支持的有界阻塞队列，规定大小的BlockingQueue,其构造函数必须带一个int参数来指明其大小.其所含的对象是以FIFO(先入先出)顺序排序的。
2、LinkedBlockingQueue：大小不定的BlockingQueue,若其构造函数带一个规定大小的参数,生成的BlockingQueue有大小限制,若不带大小参数,所生成的BlockingQueue的大小由Integer.MAX_VALUE来决定.其所含的对象是以FIFO(先入先出)顺序排序的。
3、PriorityBlockingQueue：类似于LinkedBlockQueue,但其所含对象的排序不是FIFO,而是依据对象的自然排序顺序或者是构造函数的Comparator决定的顺序。
4、SynchronousQueue：特殊的BlockingQueue,对其的操作必须是放和取交替完成的。
LinkedBlockingQueue 可以指定容量，也可以不指定，不指定的话，默认最大是Integer.MAX_VALUE,其中主要用到put和take方法，put方法在队列满的时候会阻塞直到有队列成员被消费，take方法在队列空的时候会阻塞，直到有队列成员被放进来。
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
public class Producer implements Runnable {
BlockingQueue<String> queue;
public Producer(BlockingQueue<String> queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String temp = "A Product, 生产线程："
+ Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("I have made a product:"
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
queue.put(temp);//如果队列是满的话，会阻塞当前线程
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
public class Consumer implements Runnable{
BlockingQueue<String> queue;
public Consumer(BlockingQueue<String> queue){
this.queue = queue;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String temp = queue.take();//如果队列为空，会阻塞当前线程
System.out.println(temp);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
public class Test3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
// BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>();
//不设置的话，LinkedBlockingQueue默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE
// BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(2);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);
Producer producer = new Producer(queue);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (i + 1)).start();
new Thread(consumer, "Consumer" + (i + 1)).start();
}
}
}
BlockingQueue接口，扩展了Queue接口
package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Queue;
public interface BlockingQueue<E> extends Queue<E> {
boolean add(E e);
boolean offer(E e);
void put(E e) throws InterruptedException;
boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
E take() throws InterruptedException;
E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
int remainingCapacity();
boolean remove(Object o);
public boolean contains(Object o);
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c);
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements);
}
我们用到的take() 和put(E e)
两个方法，在ArrayBlockingQueue中的实现
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
final E[] items = this.items;
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
try {
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
notFull.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
throw ie;
}
insert(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
private void insert(E x) {
items[putIndex] = x;
putIndex = inc(putIndex);
++count;
notEmpty.signal();
}
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
try {
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
notEmpty.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
throw ie;
}
E x = extract();
return x;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
private E extract() {
final E[] items = this.items;
E x = items[takeIndex];
items[takeIndex] = null;
takeIndex = inc(takeIndex);
--count;
notFull.signal();
return x;
}
看得到其实也是利用了Lock以及Condition条件变量的await()方法和signal()方法实现的，这个实现和我们之前实现的Lock用法区别：
1）使用了两个条件变量 consume的await放置在notEmpty 之上，唤醒在put的时候，produce的await放置在notfull之上，唤醒在take()的时候，唤醒是signal而不是signalAll，这样做就不会因为大量唤醒导致竞争从而减低效率，通过锁对象的分析，减低竞争
优点：更有利于协调生产消费线程的平衡
