基于Selenium的Web自动化框架增强篇
在写完上一篇“基于Selenium的Web自动化框架”（http://www.cnblogs.com/AlwinXu/p/5836709.html）之后一直没有时间重新审视该框架，正好趁着给同事分享的机会，重新分析了一下框架，发现了很多不足之处，所以才有了这篇增强版。
到底在框架的哪一部分做了增强呢？这次主要从设计模式的角度来简单介绍一下。
首先我们来看一下之前是如何书写页面模式中的类的：
BasePage:
class BasePage(object): """description of class""" #webdriver instance def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver
GoogleMainPage:
from BasePage import BasePage from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys class GoogleMainPage(BasePage): """description of class""" searchbox = (By.ID,'lst-ib') def inputSearchContent(self,searchContent): searchBox = self.driver.find_element(*self.searchbox) searchBox.send_keys(searchContent+Keys.RETURN)
重新审视之前的实现，我们可以发现在各个子类页面中，均需要引用相当的selenium类库（比如webdriver），并且需要用webdriver来定位页面元素，这就会造成各个子类页面与selenium类库有较多的集成，并且也是书写上的浪费。
现在来看一下做了结构调整的部分呈现：
BasePage：
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys class BasePage(object): """description of class""" #webdriver instance def __init__(self, browser='chrome'): ''' initialize selenium webdriver, use chrome as default webdriver ''' if browser == "firefox" or browser == "ff": driver = webdriver.Firefox() elif browser == "chrome": driver = webdriver.Chrome() elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie": driver = webdriver.Ie() elif browser == "opera": driver = webdriver.Opera() elif browser == "phantomjs": driver = webdriver.PhantomJS() try: self.driver = driver except Exception: raise NameError("Not found %s browser,You can enter 'ie', 'ff' or 'chrome'." % browser) def findElement(self,element): ''' Find element element is a set with format (identifier type, value), e.g. ('id','username') Usage: self.findElement(element) ''' try: type = element[0] value = element[1] if type == "id" or type == "ID" or type=="Id": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value) elif type == "name" or type == "NAME" or type=="Name": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value) elif type == "class" or type == "CLASS" or type=="Class": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value) elif type == "link_text" or type == "LINK_TEXT" or type=="Link_text": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value) elif type == "xpath" or type == "XPATH" or type=="Xpath": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value) elif type == "css" or type == "CSS" or type=="Css": elem = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value) else: raise NameError("Please correct the type in function parameter") except Exception: raise ValueError("No such element found"+ str(element)) return elem def findElements(self,element): ''' Find elements element is a set with format (identifier type, value), e.g. ('id','username') Usage: self.findElements(element) ''' try: type = element[0] value = element[1] if type == "id" or type == "ID" or type=="Id": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(value) elif type == "name" or type == "NAME" or type=="Name": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_name(value) elif type == "class" or type == "CLASS" or type=="Class": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_class_name(value) elif type == "link_text" or type == "LINK_TEXT" or type=="Link_text": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_link_text(value) elif type == "xpath" or type == "XPATH" or type=="Xpath": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath(value) elif type == "css" or type == "CSS" or type=="Css": elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(value) else: raise NameError("Please correct the type in function parameter") except Exception: raise ValueError("No such element found"+ str(element)) return elem def open(self,url): ''' Open web url Usage: self.open(url) ''' if url != "": self.driver.get(url) else: raise ValueError("please provide a base url") def type(self,element,text): ''' Operation input box. Usage: self.type(element,text) ''' element.send_keys(text) def enter(self,element): ''' Keyboard: hit return Usage: self.enter(element) ''' element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) def click(self,element): ''' Click page element, like button, image, link, etc. ''' element.click() def quit(self): ''' Quit webdriver ''' self.driver.quit() def getAttribute(self, element, attribute): ''' Get element attribute ''' return element.get_attribute(attribute) def getText(self, element): ''' Get text of a web element ''' return element.text def getTitle(self): ''' Get window title ''' return self.driver.title def getCurrentUrl(self): ''' Get current url ''' return self.driver.current_url def getScreenshot(self,targetpath): ''' Get current screenshot and save it to target path ''' self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(targetpath) def maximizeWindow(self): ''' Maximize current browser window ''' self.driver.maximize_window() def back(self): ''' Goes one step backward in the browser history. ''' self.driver.back() def forward(self): """ Goes one step forward in the browser history. """ self.driver.forward() def getWindowSize(self): """ Gets the width and height of the current window. """ return self.driver.get_window_size() def refresh(self): ''' Refresh current page ''' self.driver.refresh() self.driver.switch_to()
GoogleMainPage:
from BasePage import BasePage class GoogleMainPage(BasePage): """description of class""" searchbox = ('ID','lst-ib') def __init__(self, browser = 'chrome'): super().__init__(browser) def inputSearchContent(self,searchContent): searchBox = self.findElement(self.searchbox) self.type(searchBox,searchContent) self.enter(searchBox)
Test
所做的改变：
- 将与Selenium类库相关的操作做二次封装，放在BasePage中，其他子类页面自动继承相应的操作方法（如findelement，click等等）
- 封装了findelement方法，可以根据页面元素的（类型，值）进行查找，只需要调用一个方法findelement(s),而不需要针对不同的类型调用不同的find方法（fine_element_by_xxxx())
- 子类页面不需要引用selenium的类库，书写更加简单易读
- 测试用例中也不需要引用selenium的任何类库，简单易读
代码已更新到GitHub：https://github.com/AlvinXuCH/WebAutomaiton 欢迎提供改进意见
