RabbitMQ详解(三)------RabbitMQ的五种模式
RabbitMQ详解(三)------RabbitMQ的五种模式
1.简单队列(模式)
上一篇文章末尾的实例给出的代码就是简单模式.
一个生产者对应一个消费者!!!
pom.xml
必须导入RabbitMQ依赖包
<!--RabbitMQ-client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.2</version>
</dependency>
ConnectionUtil.java
package org.alva.Utils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* <一句话描述>,RabbitMQ的连接工具类
* <详细介绍>,
*
*/
public class ConnectionUtil {
public static Connection getConnection(String host, int port, String vhost, String username, String password) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//1.定义连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
//2.设置服务器地址
connectionFactory.setHost(host);
//3.设置端口
connectionFactory.setPort(port);
//4.设置虚拟主机,用户名,密码
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(vhost);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
//5.通过连接工厂获取连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
return connection;
}
}
Consumer.java
package org.alva.RabbitMQ;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* <一句话描述>,消费者
* <详细介绍>,
*
*/
public class Consumer {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
//1.获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest");
//2.声明通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3.声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//4.定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//5.监听队列
/*
true:表示自动确认,只要消息从队列中获取,无论消费者获取到消息后是否成功消费,都会认为消息成功消费.
false:表示手动确认,消费者获取消息后,服务器会将该消息标记为不可用状态,等待消费者的反馈,
如果消费者一直没有反馈,那么该消息将一直处于不可用状态,并且服务器会认为该消费者已经挂掉,不会再给其发送消息,
直到该消费者反馈.
*/
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
//6.获取消息
while (true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received '" + message + "'");
}
}
}
Productor.java
package org.alva.RabbitMQ;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* <一句话描述>,生产者
* <详细介绍>,
*
*/
public class Producer {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//1.获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest");
//2.声明通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3.声明(创建)队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
//4.定义消息内容
String message = "hello rabbitmq";
//5.发布消息
channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] send'"+message+"'");
//6.关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2.work模式
一个生产者对应多个消费者,但是只能有一个消费者获得消息!!!
竞争消费者模式.
-
生产者
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.WorkModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,生产者 * <详细介绍>,Work模式下的生产者 * */ public class Producter { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明(创建)队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.定义消息内容,发布多条消息 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String message = "hello rabbitmq " + i; //5.发布消息 channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("[x] send message is '" + message + "'"); //6.模拟发送消息延时,便于展示多个消费者竞争接受消息 Thread.sleep(i * 10); } //7.关闭信道 channel.close(); //8.关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
-
消费者
需要创建两个消费者.
消费者1:每接收一条消息后休眠10毫秒.
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.WorkModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,Work模式下的消费者 * */ public class Consumer1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 // channel.basicQos(1); //4.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true){ QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[x] received message : '"+message+"'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(10); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false); } } }
消费者2:每接收一条消息后休眠1000毫秒
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.WorkModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>, * <详细介绍>, * */ public class Consumer2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // channel.basicQos(1); QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,queueingConsumer); while (true){ QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[x] received message : '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(1000); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false); } } }
-
测试结果
-
首先生产者一次打印从0-9条消息
-
然后是消费者1:结果为打印偶数条消息(注:先启动的消费者为消费者1)
-
消费者2:结果为打印奇数条消息
结论:
*消费者1和消费者2获取到的消息内容是不同的,也就是说同一个消息只能被一个消费者获取.
*消费者1和消费者2分别获取奇数条消息和偶数条消息,两种获取消息的条数是一样的.
前面我们说这种模式是竞争消费者模式,一条队列被多个消费者监听,这里两个消费者,其中消费者1和消费者2在获取消息后分别休眠了10毫秒和1000毫秒,也就是说两个消费者获取消息的效率是不一样的,但是结果却是两者获得的消息条数是一样的,这根本不构成竞争关系,那么我们应该怎么办才能让工作效率更高的消费者获取消息更多,也就是消费者1获取消息更多呢?
-
能者多劳
channel.basicQos(1);
增加如上代码,表示同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者.消费者1和消费者2获取消息结果如下:
-
应用场景
效率高的消费者消费消息多,可以用来进行负载均衡.
-
3.发布/订阅模式
一个消费者将消息首先发送到交换器,交换器绑定多个队列,然后被监听该队列的消费者所接收并消费.
*在RabbitMQ中,交换器主要有四种类型:direct,fanout,topic,headers,这里的交换器是fanout.
-
生产者
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.PublishModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,发布/订阅模式下的生产者 * <详细介绍>, * */ public class Producer { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5674, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明交换器 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout"); //4.定义消息内容 String message = "hello rabbitmq"; //5.发布消息 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("[x] send'" + message + "'"); //6.关闭通道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
-
消费者
消费者1:
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.PublishModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,发布/订阅模式下的消费者 * */ public class Consumer1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_queue_1"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明交换器 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.绑定队列到交换器 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); //5.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者1] received message : '" + message + "'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(10); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
消费者2:
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.PublishModel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>, * <详细介绍>, * */ public class Consumer2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_queue_2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,""); channel.basicQos(1); QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者2] received message : '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(1000); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
注意:消费者1和消费者2两者监听的队列名称是不一样的.
-
测试结果
消费者1和消费者2都消费了该消息.
ps:这是因为消费者1和消费者2都监听了被同一个交换器绑定的队列.如果消息发送到没有队列绑定的交换器时,消息将丢失,因为交换器没有存储消息的能力,消息只能存储在队列中.
-
应用场景:
比如一个商城系统需要在管理员上传新的商品图片时,前台系统必须更新图片,日志系统必须记录相应的日志,那么就可以将两个队列绑定到图片上传交换器上,一个用于前台系统刚更新图片,另一个用于日志系统记录日志.
4.路由模式
生产者将消息发送到direct交换器,在绑定队列和交换器的时候有一个路由key,生产者发送的消息会指定一个路由key,那么消息只会发送到相应key相同的队列,接着监听该队列的消费者消费信息.
-
生产者
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.DirectExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,路由模式下的生产者 * <详细介绍>, * */ public class Producer { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5674, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明交换器,类型为direct channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); //4.定义消息内容 String message = "hello rabbitmq"; //5.发布消息 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "update", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("[x] send'" + message + "'"); //6.关闭通道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
-
消费者
消费者1:
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.DirectExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,路由模式下的消费者1 * <p> * 这种模式添加了一个路由键,生产者发布消息的时候添加路由键,消费者绑定队列到交换机时添加键值, * 这样就可以接收到需要接收的消息。 * */ public class Consumer1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_queue_1"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.绑定队列到交换器,指定路由key为update channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "add"); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); //5.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者1] received message : '" + message + "'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(10); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
消费者2:
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.DirectExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,路由模式下的消费者2 * */ public class Consumer2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_queue_2"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.绑定队列到交换器,指定路由key为select channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "select"); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); //5.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者1] received message : '" + message + "'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(10); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
-
测试结果
生产者发布消息,指定的路由key为update,消费者1绑定队列和交换器时key分别是update/delete/add;消费者2绑定队列和交换器时key时select.
所以可以猜到生产者发送的消息,只有消费者1能够接收并消费,而消费者2是不能接收的.
-
应用场景
利用消费者能够有选择性的接收消息的特性,比如商场系统的后台管理系统对于商品进行修改、删除、新增操作都需要更新前台系统的界面展示,而查询操作不需要,那么这两个队列分开接收消息就比较好.
5.主题模式
上面的路由模式是根据路由key进行完整的匹配(完全相等才发送消息),这里的通配符模式通俗的来讲就是模糊匹配.
符号"#"表示匹配一个或多个词,符号"*"表示匹配一个词.
-
生产者
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.TopicExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,主题模式下的生产者 * <详细介绍>, * */ public class Producer { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5674, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明交换器,类型为direct channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); //4.定义消息内容 String message = "hello rabbitmq"; //5.发布消息 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "update.Name", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("[x] send'" + message + "'"); //6.关闭通道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
-
消费者1
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.TopicExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,主题模式下的消费者1 * */ public class Consumer1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue_1"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5673, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.绑定队列到交换器,指定路由key为update channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update.#"); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); //5.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者1] received message : '" + message + "'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(10); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
-
消费者2
package org.alva.RabbitMQ.TopicExchange; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import org.alva.Utils.ConnectionUtil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * <一句话描述>,消费者 * <详细介绍>,主题模式下的消费者2 * * @author 穆国超 * @since 设计wiki | 需求wiki */ public class Consumer2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue_2"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { //1.获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection("localhost", 5672, "/", "guest", "guest"); //2.声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3.声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4.绑定队列到交换器,指定路由key为select channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "select.#"); //同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); //5.定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //5.监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, queueingConsumer); //6.获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("[消费者1] received message : '" + message + "'"); //休眠10毫秒 Thread.sleep(1000); //返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
-
分析结果
生产者发送消息绑定的路由key为update.Name;消费者1监听的队列和交换器绑定路由key为update.#;消费者2监听的队列和交换器绑定路由key为select.#.
很显然,消费者1会接收到消息,而消费者2接收不到
6.四种交换器
前面介绍了五种队列模式,但是实际上只有三种,第一种简单队列,第二种工作模式,剩下的三种都是和交换器绑定的合起来称为一种,这节详细介绍交换器.
交换器分为四种,分别是:direct,fanout,topic和headers.
前三种分别对应路由模式,发布订阅模式和通配符模式,headers交换器允许匹配AMQP消息的header而非路由键,除此之外,header交换器和direct交换器完全一致,但是性能却差很多,因此基本上不会用到该交换器,这不做详细介绍.
-
direct
如果路由键完全匹配的话,消息才会被投放到相应的队列.
-
fanout
当发送一条消息到fanout交换器上时,它会把消息投放到所有附加在此交换器的上的队列.
-
topic
设置模糊的绑定方式,"*"操作符将"."视为分隔符,匹配单个字符;"#"操作符没有分块的概念,它将任意"."均视为关键字的匹配部分,能够匹配多个字符.
7.总结
关于RabbitMQ的五种队列,其实实际使用最多的是最后一种主题模式,通过模糊匹配,使得操作更加自如.