Django开发博客流程

源码：https://files.cnblogs.com/files/Alone-Tree/dreamblog.rar

一、实现功能

1 基于Ajax和用户认证实现的登录验证   ----验证码

2 基于ajax和form组件实现注册功能

3 系统首页的布局

4 个人站点页面设计

5 文章详细页的设计

6 基于ajax实现文章点赞与踩灭(联合唯一)

7 基于ajax评论功能

8 kindeditor和beautifulSoup

二、所用知识

1 django的ORM：跨表查询，分组查询
2 Bootstrap
3 Ajax

4 用户认证(auth)

三、结果预览

首页

登陆

注册

 

网站首页

个人站点页

个人后台管理首页

 

个人资料设置

添加新文章

 

 添加标签或者分类

 

404页面

 

 

四、开发流程

网站分为前端显示、后端管理，建立两个app应用。工程目录结构如下：

backend目录为后端管理，blog为前端显示，media为文件上传目录，static静态文件目录，templates模板

blog应用

 　　1.创建模型表

　　

from django.db import models
# Django自带的认证
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="avatars/default.jpg")
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username


class Blog(models.Model):
    """
    博客信息
    """

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
    site = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客后缀', max_length=32, unique=True)
    theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Category(models.Model):
    """
    博主个人文章分类表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Tag(models.Model):
    """
     博主个人文章标签表
     """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Article(models.Model):
    """
     博主个人文章表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    comment_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论数', default=0)
    up_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='点赞数', default=0)
    down_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='踩数', default=0)

    category = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章分类', to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(to="Tag", through='Article2Tag', through_fields=('article', 'tag'),)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
    """
    文章详细表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    content = models.TextField()
    article = models.OneToOneField(to='Article', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class Article2Tag(models.Model):
    """
    文章标签关系表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = [
            ('article', 'tag'),
        ]

    def __str__(self):
        v = self.article.title + "--" + self.tag.title
        return v


class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
    """
    点赞、踩表
    """

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = [
            ('article', 'user'),
        ]


class Comment(models.Model):
    """
    评论表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    parent_comment = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name='父评论', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

　

　　2.视图

import json

from django.db import transaction
from django.db.models import F
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.contrib import auth
from blog import check_code
from blog import forms as myform
from blog import models
from blog.pager import Paginator


def cover(request):

    return render(request, 'cover.html')


def get_valid_img(request):
    """获取验证码"""
    data = check_code.get_valid_img(request)
    return HttpResponse(data)


def register(request):
    """注册"""
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = myform.RegisterForm()
    else:
        res = {"user": None, "msg": None, "error_dict": None}
        valid_code = request.POST.get('valid_code')
        valid_str = request.session["valid_str"]
        # 判断验证码是否正确
        if valid_code.upper() == valid_str.upper():

            form = myform.RegisterForm(request.POST)
            # 校验数据
            if form.is_valid():
                username = request.POST.get('username')
                email = request.POST.get('email')
                password = request.POST.get('password')
                avatar = request.FILES.get('avatar')
                blog = models.Blog.objects.create(title=username, site=username, theme='cs1.css')
                if avatar:
                    user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password, email=email, avatar=avatar, blog=blog, telephone='0000')
                else:
                    user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password, email=email, blog=blog, telephone='0000')



                res["user"] = user.username
            else:
                res["error_dict"] = form.errors

        else:
            res["msg"] = "验证码错误！"

        return JsonResponse(res)

    return render(request, 'register.html', locals())


def login(request):
    """登陆"""
    res = {'state': False, 'msg': None}
    if request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')
        password = request.POST.get('pwd')
        valid_code = request.POST.get('valid_code')
        valid_str = request.session["valid_str"]
        # 判断验证码是否正确
        if valid_code.upper() == valid_str.upper():
            user = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=password)
            if user:
                res['state'] = True
                auth.login(request, user)
            else:
                res['msg'] = '用户名或者密码错误'
        else:
            res['msg'] = '验证码错误'
        return JsonResponse(res)

    return render(request, 'login.html')


def logout(request):
    """退出"""
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/')


def index(request):
    """首页"""
    total = models.Article.objects.all().count()
    current_page = request.GET.get('p')
    page_obj = Paginator(total, current_page)
    article_list = models.Article.objects.all()[page_obj.start():page_obj.end()]
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())


def homesite(request, username, **kwargs):
    """个人主站"""
    # 得到用户对象
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
    if not user:
        return redirect('/404')
    # 得到站点对象
    blog = user.blog

    # 得到站点文章集合

    if not kwargs:
        article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user)
        print('==========',article_list)
    else:
        condition = kwargs.get("condition")
        param = kwargs.get("param")
        if condition == "cate":
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(category__title=param)
        elif condition == "tag":
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(tags__title=param)
        else:
            year, month = param.split("-")
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(create_time__year=year, create_time__month=month)

    return render(request, 'homesite.html', locals())


def article_detail(request, username, article_id):
    """文章详细"""
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()

    if not user:
        return redirect('/404')

    blog = user.blog

    article = models.Article.objects.filter(nid=article_id).first()
    if not article:
        return redirect('/404')
    comment_list = models.Comment.objects.filter(article_id=article_id)

    return render(request, 'article_detail.html', locals())


def poll(request):
    """点赞踩灭"""
    is_up = json.loads(request.POST.get("is_up"))
    article_id = request.POST.get("article_id")
    user_id = request.user.pk

    res = {"state": True}

    try:
        with transaction.atomic():
            models.ArticleUpDown.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, is_up=is_up)
            if is_up:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(up_count=F("up_count")+1)
            else:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(down_count=F("down_count") + 1)

    except Exception as e :

        res["state"] = False
        res["first_operate"] = models.ArticleUpDown.objects.filter(article_id=article_id, user_id=user_id).first().is_up

    return JsonResponse(res)


def comment(request):
    """评论"""
    res = {"state": True}
    user_id = request.user.pk
    article_id = request.POST.get('article_id')
    content = request.POST.get('content')
    pid = request.POST.get('pid')

    with transaction.atomic():
        if not pid:
            obj = models.Comment.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, content=content)
        else:
            obj = models.Comment.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, content=content, parent_comment_id=pid)
        models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(comment_count=F('comment_count') + 1)
    print(JsonResponse(res))
    return JsonResponse(res)



def error(request):

    return render(request, '404.html')

 

---恢复内容结束---

一、实现功能

1 基于Ajax和用户认证实现的登录验证   ----验证码

2 基于ajax和form组件实现注册功能

3 系统首页的布局

4 个人站点页面设计

5 文章详细页的设计

6 基于ajax实现文章点赞与踩灭(联合唯一)

7 基于ajax评论功能

8 kindeditor和beautifulSoup

二、所用知识

1 django的ORM：跨表查询，分组查询
2 Bootstrap
3 Ajax

4 用户认证(auth)

三、结果预览

首页

登陆

注册

 

网站首页

个人站点页

个人后台管理首页

 

个人资料设置

添加新文章

 

 添加标签或者分类

 

404页面

 

 

四、开发流程

网站分为前端显示、后端管理，建立两个app应用。工程目录结构如下：

backend目录为后端管理，blog为前端显示，media为文件上传目录，static静态文件目录，templates模板

blog应用

 　　1.创建模型表

　　

from django.db import models
# Django自带的认证
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="avatars/default.jpg")
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username


class Blog(models.Model):
    """
    博客信息
    """

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
    site = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客后缀', max_length=32, unique=True)
    theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Category(models.Model):
    """
    博主个人文章分类表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Tag(models.Model):
    """
     博主个人文章标签表
     """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Article(models.Model):
    """
     博主个人文章表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    comment_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论数', default=0)
    up_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='点赞数', default=0)
    down_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='踩数', default=0)

    category = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章分类', to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(to="Tag", through='Article2Tag', through_fields=('article', 'tag'),)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
    """
    文章详细表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    content = models.TextField()
    article = models.OneToOneField(to='Article', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class Article2Tag(models.Model):
    """
    文章标签关系表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = [
            ('article', 'tag'),
        ]

    def __str__(self):
        v = self.article.title + "--" + self.tag.title
        return v


class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
    """
    点赞、踩表
    """

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = [
            ('article', 'user'),
        ]


class Comment(models.Model):
    """
    评论表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    parent_comment = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name='父评论', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

　

　　2.视图

import json

from django.db import transaction
from django.db.models import F
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.contrib import auth
from blog import check_code
from blog import forms as myform
from blog import models
from blog.pager import Paginator


def cover(request):

    return render(request, 'cover.html')


def get_valid_img(request):
    """获取验证码"""
    data = check_code.get_valid_img(request)
    return HttpResponse(data)


def register(request):
    """注册"""
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = myform.RegisterForm()
    else:
        res = {"user": None, "msg": None, "error_dict": None}
        valid_code = request.POST.get('valid_code')
        valid_str = request.session["valid_str"]
        # 判断验证码是否正确
        if valid_code.upper() == valid_str.upper():

            form = myform.RegisterForm(request.POST)
            # 校验数据
            if form.is_valid():
                username = request.POST.get('username')
                email = request.POST.get('email')
                password = request.POST.get('password')
                avatar = request.FILES.get('avatar')
                blog = models.Blog.objects.create(title=username, site=username, theme='cs1.css')
                if avatar:
                    user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password, email=email, avatar=avatar, blog=blog, telephone='0000')
                else:
                    user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password, email=email, blog=blog, telephone='0000')



                res["user"] = user.username
            else:
                res["error_dict"] = form.errors

        else:
            res["msg"] = "验证码错误！"

        return JsonResponse(res)

    return render(request, 'register.html', locals())


def login(request):
    """登陆"""
    res = {'state': False, 'msg': None}
    if request.method == 'POST':

        user = request.POST.get('user')
        password = request.POST.get('pwd')
        valid_code = request.POST.get('valid_code')
        valid_str = request.session["valid_str"]
        # 判断验证码是否正确
        if valid_code.upper() == valid_str.upper():
            user = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=password)
            if user:
                res['state'] = True
                auth.login(request, user)
            else:
                res['msg'] = '用户名或者密码错误'
        else:
            res['msg'] = '验证码错误'
        return JsonResponse(res)

    return render(request, 'login.html')


def logout(request):
    """退出"""
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/')


def index(request):
    """首页"""
    total = models.Article.objects.all().count()
    current_page = request.GET.get('p')
    page_obj = Paginator(total, current_page)
    article_list = models.Article.objects.all()[page_obj.start():page_obj.end()]
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())


def homesite(request, username, **kwargs):
    """个人主站"""
    # 得到用户对象
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
    if not user:
        return redirect('/404')
    # 得到站点对象
    blog = user.blog

    # 得到站点文章集合

    if not kwargs:
        article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user)
        print('==========',article_list)
    else:
        condition = kwargs.get("condition")
        param = kwargs.get("param")
        if condition == "cate":
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(category__title=param)
        elif condition == "tag":
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(tags__title=param)
        else:
            year, month = param.split("-")
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(create_time__year=year, create_time__month=month)

    return render(request, 'homesite.html', locals())


def article_detail(request, username, article_id):
    """文章详细"""
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()

    if not user:
        return redirect('/404')

    blog = user.blog

    article = models.Article.objects.filter(nid=article_id).first()
    if not article:
        return redirect('/404')
    comment_list = models.Comment.objects.filter(article_id=article_id)

    return render(request, 'article_detail.html', locals())


def poll(request):
    """点赞踩灭"""
    is_up = json.loads(request.POST.get("is_up"))
    article_id = request.POST.get("article_id")
    user_id = request.user.pk

    res = {"state": True}

    try:
        with transaction.atomic():
            models.ArticleUpDown.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, is_up=is_up)
            if is_up:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(up_count=F("up_count")+1)
            else:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(down_count=F("down_count") + 1)

    except Exception as e :

        res["state"] = False
        res["first_operate"] = models.ArticleUpDown.objects.filter(article_id=article_id, user_id=user_id).first().is_up

    return JsonResponse(res)


def comment(request):
    """评论"""
    res = {"state": True}
    user_id = request.user.pk
    article_id = request.POST.get('article_id')
    content = request.POST.get('content')
    pid = request.POST.get('pid')

    with transaction.atomic():
        if not pid:
            obj = models.Comment.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, content=content)
        else:
            obj = models.Comment.objects.create(user_id=user_id, article_id=article_id, content=content, parent_comment_id=pid)
        models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(comment_count=F('comment_count') + 1)
    print(JsonResponse(res))
    return JsonResponse(res)



def error(request):

    return render(request, '404.html')