Hive 差集运算

差集定义:一般地,设A,B是两个集合,由所有属于A且不属于B的元素组成的集合,叫做集合A减集合B(或集合A与集合B之差)。

                   类似地,对于集合A,B,我们把集合{x/x∈A,且x¢B}叫做A与B的差集,记作A-B记作A-B(或A\B);

                   即A-B={x|x∈A,且x ¢B}(或A\B={x|x∈A,且x ¢B} B-A={x/x∈B且x¢A} 叫做B与A的差集。

 

比如说有这么两个表:

hive> select * from A;
OK
1	2
1	3
2	1
2	3
3	1
Time taken: 0.3 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
hive> select * from B;
OK
1	2
1	4
2	2
2	3
Time taken: 0.086 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

  

要取出A与B的差集(A-B):

1	3
2	1
3	1

  

Hive可不可以用not in?可以,但只能用于单个字段。select * from A where (uid,goods) not in (select uid,goods from B);这个oracle是支持的,但hive不行。

hive> select * from A  where uid not in (select uid from B);
3	1
Time taken: 46.09 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

  

Hive可不可以用not exists?显然也可以! 

hive> select * from A  where not exists (select * from B where A.uid=B.uid and A.goods=B.goods);
1	3
2	1
3	1
Time taken: 12.989 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

  

不过前两种貌似很费资源,在ODPS里都有限制,下面来介绍一下hive常用的求差集方法,左(右)连接 left outer join

 

先看一下左连接之后表是什么样的

hive> select * from A a left outer join B b on a.uid=b.uid and a.goods=b.goods;
1	2	1	2
1	3	NULL	NULL
2	1	NULL	NULL
2	3	2	3
3	1	NULL	NULL
Time taken: 12.735 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)

  

现在只要取出B的uid和goods为null的行就可以了

 

hive> select a.* from A a left outer join B b on a.uid=b.uid and a.goods=b.goods where b.uid is null and b.goods is null;
1	3
2	1
3	1
Time taken: 13.023 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

  

转自:https://blog.csdn.net/Dr_Guo/article/details/51182626

posted @ 2018-07-09 18:00  静悟生慧  阅读(5325)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报