性能测试学习 第八课--LR12中针对WebServices协议的三种脚本开发模式

一,webservices协议简介

      webservices是建立可交互操作的分布式应用程序的新平台,它通过一系列的标准和协议来保证程序之间的动态连接,

其中最基本的协议包括soap,wsdl,uddi.

1,SOAP(simple object access protocl)

SOAP是消息传递协议,它规定了web services之间如何传递消息。SOAP基于xml和xsd,xml是soap的数据编码方式。

2,WSDL(web services Description Language)

WSDL是web services的定义语言,和soap一起构成web服务的核心结构单元。wsdl协议规定了有关webservices描述的标准。

3,UDDI(Universal Description,Discovery,and Intergration)

UDDI是访问登记的标准,它建立了一个平台独立,开放的框架,通过英特网来描述服务,发现业务并整合业务服务。简单来说

UDDI用于集中存放和查找wsdl描述文件,起着目录服务器的作用。

二,我们在性能测试的工作中,难免会遇到webservices协议的接口,这里我简单介绍一下用loadrunner12来开发webservices协议脚本

的三种模式,咱们就以天气预报的网站来为例吧:

1,web_service_call模式

1)启动“virtual user Generator”,新建“web services”虚拟用户,

2)选择上方SOA Tool中的Add Service Call,如下图

3)弹出New Web Service Call对话框,选择Service-import service

4)输入要测试的网址

5)下面选择Operation,输入城市,以及设置获取返回值参数

6)点击OK后,得到下面的脚本

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Action()
{  
    web_service_call(
    "StepName=getWeatherbyCityName_104"//步骤名称
    "SOAPMethod=WeatherWebService|WeatherWebServiceSoap|getWeatherbyCityName"//服务名称|soap获取哪个接口
    "ResponseParam=response",    //返回的参数信息
    "Service=WeatherWebService",  //webservices的服务
    "ExpectedResponse=SoapResult",   //请求返回的信息
    "Snapshot=t1555545923.inf",    //快照
    BEGIN_ARGUMENTS,      //输入参数开始
    "theCityName=广州",   //请求的参数与值
    END_ARGUMENTS,     //结束参数
    BEGIN_RESULT,         //返回值的开始
    "getWeatherbyCityNameResult/*[1]=Param_string",    //保存返回参数
    END_RESULT,     //返回值结束
    LAST);
 
     
    return 0;
}

  6)然后做参数化,断言

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Action()
{  
    lr_start_transaction("获取天气预报");
 
     
    web_service_call(
    "StepName=getWeatherbyCityName_104"//步骤名称
    "SOAPMethod=WeatherWebService|WeatherWebServiceSoap|getWeatherbyCityName"//服务名称|soap获取哪个接口
    "ResponseParam=response",    //返回的参数信息
    "Service=WeatherWebService",  //webservices的服务
    "ExpectedResponse=SoapResult",   //请求返回的信息
    "Snapshot=t1555545923.inf",    //快照
    BEGIN_ARGUMENTS,      //输入参数开始
    "theCityName={city_name}",   //请求的参数与值
    END_ARGUMENTS,     //结束参数
    BEGIN_RESULT,         //返回值的开始
    "getWeatherbyCityNameResult/*[2]=Param_string",    //保存返回参数
    END_RESULT,     //返回值结束
    LAST);
     
    if(strcmp(lr_eval_string("{Param_string}"),lr_eval_string("{city_name}"))==0)
    {
        lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报",LR_PASS);
    }
    else
    {
        lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报",LR_FAIL);
    }
     
    return 0;
}

  7)最后保存,设置日志级别,然后Replay我们的脚本

2,soap_request模式

1)打开WeatherWebService网站,

2)复制上面的代码,在notepad++中新建一个文件,将代码粘贴上去,保存到D盘,然后在loadrunner12中

点击下图的import SOAP

3)在对话框中,我们输入保存的xml文件地址,输入URL,URL=http://{Host}+{POST}  参数从

上图所示取,输入对应的SOAPAction,具体如下图所示

4)点击OK,生成下面的脚本

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Action()
{  
     
     
    soap_request("StepName=SOAP Request",
        "URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",                                     
        "SOAPEnvelope="
        "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">"
            "<soap:Body>"
                "<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">"
                    "<theCityName>广州</theCityName>"
                "</getWeatherbyCityName>"
            "</soap:Body>"
        "</soap:Envelope>",                                      
        "SOAPAction=http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName",                                    
        "ResponseParam=response",                                      
        "Snapshot=t1555549382.inf",                                    
        LAST);
 
     
    return 0;
}

 5)这里有个难题就是如何做xml断言?我们看一下下图的响应示例

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <getWeatherbyCityNameResponse xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <getWeatherbyCityNameResult>
        <string>string</string>
        <string>string</string>
      </getWeatherbyCityNameResult>
    </getWeatherbyCityNameResponse>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

 这里引入lr_xml_get_values函数来获取xml的返回值

XPath query中填入city值的xpath定位的绝对路径:/Envelope/Body/getWeatherbyCityNameResponse/getWeatherbyCityNameResult/string[2]

6)最后加入事物函数,做断言

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Action()
{  
    lr_convert_string_encoding(lr_eval_string("{city_name}"),NULL,"utf-8","city");
    lr_save_string(lr_eval_string("{city}"),"cityName");
     
    lr_start_transaction("获取天气预报");
 
    soap_request("StepName=SOAP Request",
        "URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",                                     
        "SOAPEnvelope="
        "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">"
            "<soap:Body>"
                "<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">"
                    "<theCityName>{cityName}</theCityName>"
                "</getWeatherbyCityName>"
            "</soap:Body>"
        "</soap:Envelope>",                                      
        "SOAPAction=http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName",                                    
        "ResponseParam=response",                                      
        "Snapshot=t1555549382.inf",                                    
        LAST);
    lr_convert_string_encoding(lr_eval_string("{response}"),"utf-8",NULL,"msg");
     
 
    lr_xml_get_values(
        "XML={response}",
        "Query=/Envelope/Body/getWeatherbyCityNameResponse/getWeatherbyCityNameResult/string[2]",
                      "ValueParam=city_code",
                      LAST);
    lr_output_message("返回城市名称:%s",lr_eval_string("city_code"));
     
    if(strcmp(lr_eval_string("{city_code}"),lr_eval_string("{city_name}"))==0)
    {
        lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报", LR_PASS);
    }
    else
    {
        lr_end_transaction("获取天气预报", LR_FAIL);
    }
    
 
    return 0;
}

7)保存后点击Replay,得到下面的结果:

 

3,web_custom_request模式

输入对应的URL,body里面输入SOAP的请求体,点击确定,最后生成如下的代码

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Action()
{
    web_custom_request("web_services",
        "URL=http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx",
        "Method=POST",
        "TargetFrame=",
        "Resource=1",
        "Referer=",
        "Mode=HTTP",
        "EncType=application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8",
        "Body=<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"
"<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap12=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\">"
  "<soap12:Body>"
    "<getWeatherbyCityName xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">"
      "<theCityName>59287</theCityName>"
    "</getWeatherbyCityName>"
  "</soap12:Body>"
"</soap12:Envelope>",
        LAST);
 
     
    return 0;
}

  后面做脚本强化就行了。

posted @ 2019-04-18 20:45  周马夋  阅读(229)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报