英语题型解析

以\(ly\)结尾的词可以直接翻译为\(very\)

目录

一. 英译汉

1. 简单句翻译

特点：只有一个谓语动词

方法：

  1. 以谓语为基点找出句子主干并翻译 ，找出句子的主谓宾即可翻译整个句子大意。

    \(I(主)\) need\((谓)\) a reliable boyfriend\((宾)\) from deep inside to take care of me.我需要一个内心深处可靠的男朋友来照顾我。

  2. 将其他部分补充到句子中去

    \(I\) need a reliable boyfriend from deep inside to take care of me.我需要一个内心深处可靠的男朋友来照顾我。

    a reliable.做定语修饰名词。from deep inside.介词短语作状语，修饰谓语动词need。

1.1 定语翻译方法

定语含义：具有"\(的\)"字形容词的含义，修饰名词。

英文位置：定语只有一个词，放在名词之前。多于一个放在名词之后

The area that we can cooperate is enormous.我们可以合作的领域很大。

句子中有两个谓语动词\(is、\)can cooperate，所以其中一个不做谓语，这是一个从句，\(that\)做连接词修饰前面的area，所以这是一个名词性\((定语)\)从句。can cooperate修饰前名词area，所以翻译时候提前。即：we can cooperate the area is enormous.

1.2 状语翻译方法

状语含义：时间、地点、副词、介词短语，这些词称为状语。

中文位置：谓语动词前。如：我今天回家。"今天"即为时间状语。

英文位置：句首或句末。

  1. Dubai's billionaire ruler，Sheikh Mohammed, has worked hard on the kingdom 's global reputation.迪拜的富豪酋长谢赫•穆罕默德(Sheikh Mohammed)一直在努力提高该国的全球声誉。has worked hard.谓语

  2. The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and Europe. 丝绸之路是中国与欧洲之间历史上重要的国际贸易通道。

    The Silk Road.主语。is.谓语。trade route.宾语。between China and Europe.定语修饰trade route。a historically important international.定语修饰前面的名词Silk Road。

2. 并列句译法

由并列连词连接的句子称为并列举。连接词有：and、but、while、so、however等。

翻译方法：按照简单句翻译，加上并列连词的含义。

Smoking has declined among British teenagers from 30% in 1996 to 23% in 1999 while ownership of the mobile phones
among 15- 17-year- olds rose rapidly to 70% by August 2000.
吸烟率在英国青少年中从1996年的30%下 降到1999年的23%，而拥有手机数量在15-17岁青少年迅速上升到2000年8月的70%。

while.并列连词.翻译为"然而、而"。has declined.谓语动词。rose.谓语动词.翻译为"上升、增加"。

3. 从句的翻译

3.1 名词性从句

名词性从句分为：主语从句\((位于动词之前)\)、宾语从句\((位于动词、介词之后)\)、表语从句\((be动词之后)\)、同位语从句\((名词之后)\)

翻译方法：宾从、表从及较短的主从采用顺译法。

  1. Some researchers have suggested that they can cause brain damage and that the young are particularly easy to be affected.

    一些研究人员认为，它们会导致大脑损伤，而年轻人尤其容易受到影响。

    suggest前为"人"翻译为"认为"，前为"物"翻译为"表明"。research同义词：survey、investigate。 particularly(尤其、特别)同义词：especially、specially。

  2. What the workers insisted on was that they be given more pay.
    工人们坚持认为他们应该被支付更多的工资。

    insisted on(坚持)、was、be given都是谓语动词，所以需要两个连词：what、that。

较长的主从通常采用逆译法：

主语太长我们通常采用形式主语代替。如：

That women should have the same rights as men is undoubtedly rational.\(\Longrightarrow\)\(It\) is undoubtedly rational that women should have the same rights as men.毋庸置疑，女性应当拥有与男 子相同的权利。

即\(It\) is...that....我们翻译that后面的句子。

3.2 定语从句翻译

位置：放在被修饰的名词，即先行词之后。

翻译方法：

  1. 从句较短：从句\(+的+被修饰名词(先行词)\)

    There are very few people who would not like to do it.很少有人不愿意做这件事。

  2. 较长句子仍然先找连词，再找动词

    Traditionally girls are considered a liability because of the exorbitant marriage dowries, while boys, w ho simultaneously carry
    the family name and are able to perform important Hindu rites，are seen as assets.

    一直以来， 由于结婚时女方需要支付昂贵的嫁妆女孩子在印度被视为累赘。而男孩因为既能继承家族姓氏，又能执行重要的印度教仪式而被视为财富。

3.3 同位语从句译法

同位语从句译法同定语从句，名词后面的从句可以直接按照定语从句方法翻译。

3.4 状语从句翻译

译法：先译从句，再译主句。(大部分)

  1. A naughty boy pushed me into the water on purpose，while we were playing at the swimming pool.我们在游泳池玩的时候，一个淘气的男孩故意把我推进水里。

    while.后be doing时翻译为"当...时"，转折时翻译为"然而"。on purpose.故意。

  2. \(I\) don't like to bargain and luckily I didn't have to because these shoes were a real bargain.我不喜欢讨价还价，幸运的是我不需要讨价还价，因为这双鞋真的很便宜。

    这句话就需要直接译

4. 长难句翻译

4.1 NPC分析法

含义：N: non-finite verb非谓语动词、P: preposition介词、C: clause ( what, when, which, that, who,when,where why...)从句。在句中遇到这些时要断句。

  1. The end result has been\(/\)that students in America have worse math and reading skills\(/\)than both their foreign peers and earlier generations\(/\)spending far less on education.
    最终的结果是：美国学生比他们的外国同龄人和花了少得多的时间在教育上的早一代人，有着更差的数学和阅读技能。

  2. A magazine in England found\(/\)that tap water from the Thames River tasted better\(/\)than several leading brands of bottleed water\(/\)​that were 400 times more expensive.

    英国的一 家杂志社发现泰晤士河的自来水比许多领军品牌的瓶装水偿起来更好喝，而这些瓶装水，价格比自来水贵了400倍。

  3. One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven\(/\)by saying\(/\)that suffering is inevitable，\(/\)but the courage \(/\)to fight it renders life worth living.
    我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品，苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。

二. 汉译英

  1. 不会的单词进行替换：

    优秀的：excellent、outstanding、splendid、preeminent、good

    就...而言：as far as sb be concerned、in terms of、about

    起源于：originating from、from

  2. 不会翻译的句子转换成会表达意思再翻译

    If you want a good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night.要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。
    We can have beautiful face by using Dabao everyday.要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。
    A fair face now, Dabao knows how.要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。

1. 简单句翻译

步骤：

  1. 画中文成分，找出句子主干
  2. 根据时态语态，主谓一致翻译主干
  3. 将句子其他部分补充完整\((修饰成分：不是定语就是状语)\)

  • "n的n"翻译为：n of n

    电脑的价格：The price of the computer.

    of前后的名词加上定冠词the更准确。

  • "adj的n"翻译为：adj\(=n\)

    金黄的11月：Golden November

  • "句子的n"翻译为：n\(+\)从句

    我深爱的人：The man \(I\) love very much.或者The man \(that/whom\) \(I\) love very much.\((作宾语连词可以省略)\)

  1. 检查是否有漏译错译的地方。如：是否\(+s\)，是否只有一个动词。

    1. 中国的海洋资源十分丰富。China is rich in marine resource.

      be rich in.富含...

    2. 北京是中国的首都，它十分美丽。Beijing，the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.

      或：Beijing is the capital of China,\(and\) \(It\) is a very beautiful city.

      或：Beijing is the capital of China,\(which\) is a very beautiful city.

    3. 他决心献身于教育事业。He is determined to devote himself to the education.

      devote oneself to...献身于。be determine to.决定于。

2. 状语翻译

位置：

时间状语：首选放句末，也可句首。从小范围到大范围。

地点状语：放句末。从小范围到大范围。

副词：①频度副词：放在助动词之后，实义动词之前。②程度副词：放在句末。如：He loves the girl very much.③其他副词：动词前后都可，判断不出放在动词后面。

注意：如果时间和地点同时出现：先地点后时间。

  1. 中国的教育者早就认识到读书对于国家的意义。

    China's education workers have realized the significance of reading to a country.

  2. 现在，农村和山区的儿童可以和沿海城市的儿童一样，上音乐和绘画课。

    Nowadays, the children in villages and mountainous areas can have music and painting classes, like the children in coastal cities.

    地方\(+的+n\)，翻译为：\(n+介词短语\)。农村和山区的孩子：children in the village and mountainous areas

3. 被动的使用

3.1 情况明确

使用情况：原文中出现：被、由、受到、为...所，需要用到被动。

方法：动作发出者为：by\(+\)动作发出者

  1. \(I\) was hit by him.我被他打了。
  2. 世界上第一架飞机是由莱特兄弟发明的。The first plane of the world was invented by Wright brothers.
  3. 年轻人很容易受到电子游戏和网络暴力的影响。The young are easily affected by video games and cyber violence.

3.2 情况不明确

当中文主语不明确时考虑用被动

方法：

  1. 可以自己加个主语，用主动。(推荐)

  2. 宾语提前，该句变被动。

例1：必须采取措施阻止这种情况再次发生。Measures must be taken to prevent this phenomenon from happening.

measures为宾语，情态动词：must\(+do\)，变为被动：must be done

prevent sb\(/\)sth form doing.阻止某人\(/\)某事，发生。

例2：鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。We encourage joint ventures to sell products outside China.

或者：Joint ventures are encouraged to sell its products outside China.

4. 复合句翻译

判断复合句方法：有两套完整的主谓宾。

方法：根据简单句翻译，加上连词的含义即可。

例1：既然我们是在管理这个项目，我们不得不检查你报告里的每个细节。
\((\)Now that\()/\)Since we are in charge of this program we will have to check every detail in your report.

4.1 定语从句翻译

定从句型：\(The+n+连词+从句\)。

判断定从方法：带"的"字的句子用来修饰名词。

翻译方法：

  1. 先翻译主句。
  2. 再翻译定从，要放在"的"修饰的名词之后。
  3. 判断从句是否缺成分
    • 缺成分：用\(that\)
    • 不缺成分：\(n\)是：时间(用when)、地点(用where)、原因(用why)。还要注意从句是否和前名词有"的"的关系，有的话用whose，最后用that。

例1：公众对战斗在地震前线的人们给予了高度评价。

The public spoke highly of those (people) who\((加people情况下可用that)\) worked at front in the earthquake.

这句话中，"战斗"是动词，与后面的"在地震前线的"形成定语从句。所以先翻译主句："公众对人们给予高度评价"

例2：我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

\(I\) still remember the day when \(I\) first arrived in the city.

"我第一次来到这座城市的"修饰后面的名词"那一天"，所以是定从。先翻译"我仍然记得那一天"。

常考句型：A的原因是B\(/\)之所以是A，在于B。The reason why A is that B. A的原因在于B.

例1：中国取得如此大成就的原因是国家实行改革开放的政策。

The reason why China has made such great achievements is that the country has carried out the policy.

"中国取得如此大成就的"与"国家实行改革开放的政策"\(\Longrightarrow\) A在于B

这里不用so great原因是：such后面的形容词要跟名词，修饰的是名词。so修饰的是形容词。这里后面是"achievements"，所以用such。

例2：广告之所以盛行主要在于他们信息容量大。

The reason why the advertisements are popular\(/prevailing\) is that they are informative\(/\)(they are full of information).

4.2 非限定性定从译法

逗号后的句子，它的主语指的是逗号前的那句话，用"，which"来翻译。

方法：前后正常翻译，中间用",which"连接。

例1：年轻人应该多去探索外面的世界和开阔视野，这是一种自我完善。

Young people should more experience the outside world and look outside, which is an improvement.

例2：她似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

She didn't seemed to understand my meaning, which annoyed me.

make sb adj...使某人...

4.3 名词性从句

分类及位置：主从(动词之前)、宾语从句(动词之后)、表从(be动词之后)

方法：

  • 主从、宾从和表从采用顺译法。
  • 同位语从句把从句放在抽象名词之后翻译再加上连词that。同位语从句和定语从句方法一样。

选连词方法：看从句连词是否有含义，有含义直接译连词。无含义则看从句是否缺成分，选what(缺成分)和that(不却成分)

例1：他们强调，人类应该着手保护生态环境，不要再污染我们赖以生存的地球了。

They emphasize (that) human should get down to protecting the ecological environment，and don't pollute the earth (that) we live in any more.

动词"强调"后面句子为宾从，而后面的"我们赖以生存的"是定从，所以先不用翻译。定从中做宾语的连词可省。

例2：我们不能否认中国变得日益繁荣昌盛的事实。

We can't deny the fact that China is becoming increasingly prosperous.

"中国变得日益繁荣昌盛的"是定语从句，先不翻译。"the fact"抽象名词用that。

4.4 状语从句翻译

从句有含义，一般在句首。

4.4.1 主讲从现

例1：一旦孩子们在社会上取得了大的成就，他们的父母就会受到尊敬。

Once children achieve great success in the society，their parents will be respected.

例2：除非你改掉坏习惯，否则你是不会取得进步的。

Unless you get rid of that bad habit，you will not make any progress.

有了连词"除非"，后面的"否则"只是中文上的连词，句子中只有两个动词那么就只有一个连词。

4.4.2 if的用法

关键词：如果、倘若、要是。同时要判断句子的真假(是否现实)。真的用主将从现，否则用虚拟语气。

句型：只考过去虚拟：\(if+主语+had\) done，主语\(+\)would have done.

主将从现：\(if+主语+do/does\)，主语\(+\)will do.

例1：假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要培养成阅读的习惯就更难了。

\(If\) they don't develop the interest of reading during this critical period, it will be more difficult to form the habit of reading later.

it is adj to do.做某事怎么样

例2：如果你提前告诉我的话，我就阻止他做这件事。

\(If\) you had told me in advance I would have stopped him from doing it.

prevent sb form doing. 阻止某人做某事。

4.4.3 其它句型

例1：自从他帮助我学习以来，我取得了很大的进步。

\(I\) have made great progress，since he helped me with my study.

句型：主语\(+have/has\) done，since\(+主语+did\)

例2：哪里有洁净的空气和水，哪里的人们就长寿。

Where there is clean air and water, there are people who live a long life.

Where there is clean air and water，there are long lived people.

where there is...there is...哪里有...哪里就有...

例3：问题发现的越早解决起来就越容易。

The earlier the problems are discovered, the easier they will be solved.

越...越...
结构: The\(+\)比较级\(+\)主语\(+do/does\)， the\(+\)比较级\(+\)主语\(+\)will do

例4：他一开始讲，公众就打断了他的话。

Hardly had he began to speak, when the audience interrupted him.

一...就...

结构：hardly\((scarcely/\)\(no\) sooner\()+\)主语\(+done\)，when\(/than\)(和no sooner搭配)\(+\)主语\(+did\)

4.5 倒装句翻译

标志：Not until\(+名词/句子+\)部分倒装(常考)。标志词\(+助动词(过去用did)+主语+实义动词\)

例1：知道大约三周前他才知道了实验失败的原因。

Not until about three weeks ago did he know the reason why the experiment failed.

4.6 only的倒装

倒装句型：only\(+\)状语(必须是：副词、介词或状从)\(+\)倒装

例1：只有当你掌握了语法规则你才“能更好地使用英语。

Only when you master the rules of grammar can you use English better.

4.7 as倒装

尽管做兼职工作很辛苦，但是确实能学到工作经验、提高自己的沟通表达能力。

Though doing part-time job is hard it can make us really learn work experience and improve my communication skills.

Hard as doing part-time job is it can make us really learn work experience and improve my communication skills .

谓语动词"辛苦"、"学到"、"提高"，所以有两个连词

5. 强调句翻译

句型：\(It\) is\(+\)强调部分\(+\)that.如：正是....；正因为.....；....的是....

注意：not until与强调句连用不用到装

例1：直到一年后他才适应了高中新的学习环境。

Not until a year later he adapted himself to the env ironment

\(It\) was not until a year later that he adapted himself to the new \(learning\) environment in senior high school.

例2：是故乡唤起了他们心灵深处最美好的回忆。

Home arouses the best memories in their hearts.变为强调句：

\(It\) is home that arouses the best memories in their hearts.

6. 感叹句翻译

例1：我们这些天的天气是多么糟糕啊！

We have terrible weather these days！变为感叹句：

What terrible weather we have these days!

例2：你给我的是何等令人愉悦的惊喜呀!

you gave me a pleasant surprise！变为感叹句：

What a pleasant surprise you gave me!

三. 写作

1. 被动

英文多用被动，中文多用主动。因此被动句型使用可以提高作文分数。

如：

人们认为：\(It\) is believed that

举例来说：As is often cited as an example

2. 名词性从句

从句可以用来做模板，名词性从句常用来陈述一个事实。

  • 不可否认的是

    No one can deny the fact that\(+同位语从句\)

    There is no denying that

  • 根据以上讨论我们可以得出结论

    From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that

3. 定语从句

  • 表示原因：....的原因是.....

    The reason why A is that B.

    例子：中国学生出国留学的原因是全球化的发展使出国留学更加便利。
    The reason why Chinese students study abroad is that the globalization has made it much more convenient.

  • 非限定性定从：逗号前的句子是逗号后句子的主语。中间用",which"，可以替代"and"连接的句子。

4. It句式

  • \(It\) is\(+adj/被动/名词/+to\) do

    \(It\) is high time that something was done about it..是时候做.....

    \(It\) pays to do sth.值得做某事

5. there be句型

there be.某地有某物

例子：中国有不少这样特殊的购物日。

There are many such special shopping days in China.

6. 强调句

句型：\(It\) is\(/\)was....that\(/who\)...

方法：找到动词将前面的就是主语，将主语放到\(It\) is和that中间即可。

例子：正是互联网的发展使经济形式发生了变革。

The development of Internet changes the economic form.变为强调句：

\(It\) is the development of Internet that changes the economic form.

7. 倒装

hardly...when....一...就...

一提到... 的问题，我们就应该采取有效的措施来解决它
Hardly had it come to the problem of.....， when effective measures should be taken to deal with it.

直到..的出现，我们才意识到它的重要性\(/\)危害

Not until....appears do we realize its importance\(/\)harm.

8. V-ed，V-ing形式作状语

与汽车相比，自行车在若干方面具有优越性。

When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several perspectives.

They are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

9. 题型

  • 对立观点题

    方法：提出观点或现象。观点A，(原因)转折句\(+\)观点B(原因)。再写个人观点。

  • 社会问题\(/\)现象

    方法：描述社会问题\(/\)现象。出现的原因\(/\)影响\(+\)建议。描述自己的观点。

10. 作文模板[1]

大部分有\(composition/essay\)是说明议论文，考频高。

现象解释：关键词：why what

问题分析：how to

利弊分析：advantage disadvantage

10.1 议论作文

  • 第一段：

    (1)With the society and scientific technology developing，great changes have taken place in our daily life in the past few years. \(XXX\) has been playing a significant role in life，which has not only brought us a lot of benefits but also has created many serious problems as well.

    随着社会和科学技术的发展，我们的生活在过去几年里发生了很大的变化。xxx起着重要的作用，不仅为我们的生活带来很多好处，也产生了许多问题。

  • 社会现象第二段：

    The reason why this phenomenon comes out as follows.First and foremost \(XXX\). Besides \(XXX\). Last but not he least \(XXX\).或者On the one hand \(XXX\) On the other hand \(XXX\).

    Only when humanity began to pay enough attention to this phenomenon are there possibilities for us to address it. Some measures should be taken to deal with the phenomenon. 只有当人类开始对这一现象给予足够的关注时，我们才有可能解决它。应该采取一些措施来处理这一现象。

    First and foremost.首先\(+\)解决方案1

    besides.此外\(+\)解决方案2

    last but not least.最后同样重要的是\(+\)解决方案3

    to conclude.最后\(+\)总结句.

  • 观点对立第二段

    The opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. Some people hold the idea that \(XXX\), according to them \(XXX\). However, others may have quite a different view. They tend to argue that \(XXX\) . \(In\) their point of view,
    they\(XXX\).

    关于这一热点话题的看法因人而异，一些人认为\(XXX\)；根据他们所说\(XXX(还要写他们这样认为的原因)\)。然而，其他人可能会有完全不同的观点。他们认为\(XXX\)，在他们看来\(XXX(还要写他们这样认为的原因)\)。

  • 第三段

    (1)Personally，I think it reasonable to choose the former(观点对立作文要写这句). \(In\) a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the phenomenon. \(I\) think we should take it seriously and deal with it reasonably according to the circumstance where we are. Only in this way can we have a bright future.

    个人观点，我认为选择前者非常合理。总之，整个社会应该密切关注这一现象，我们应当严肃对待并合理应对它，更好的适应今天所处的环境。只有这样我们的未来才能一片光明。

    (2)\(In\) a conclusion, I am inclined to choose the former\(/\)latter(观点对立作文要写这句). We should try to bring the advantages into full play and reduce the disadvantages to minimum at the same time. In that case, \(I\) firmly believe that a bright future is waiting for us.

    总之，我倾向于选择前者\(/\)后者。我们应当将他的优势发挥到最大，同时把他的劣势减少到最小。这样，我坚信，未来将一片光明。

10.2 书信作文

写信目的\(+\)启下的句子(接下来就是我要说的)。说明情况。承上的话(以上就是我要说的话)\(+\)盼望回复。

  • 求职信写作模板

    Dear xxx，

    ​ Having heard that the situation of \(XXX(职位)\) in your company is vacant. \(I\) wish to offer my services for it. \(I\) must say that \(I\) have long been hopeful of working for your company after graduation, \(I\) am sure that \(I\) have the privilege of serving in your company. As a result, \(I\) am writing the letter for the purpose of applying for \(XXX(职业)\).

    ​ \(I\) believe \(I\) am well qualified for this position for several reasons. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which details my previous academic qualifications and work experience. Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate, but my cheerful personality is also well suited to working as a staff member. \(I\) last, my hobbies include sports and music.

    ​ \(I\) would appreciate it if you could grant me an interview so that I could explain, in person and in more details, the relevance of my educational background and working experiences.

    ​ Yours sincerely,
    ​ Xxx

11. 作文模板通用(记忆)

\[\Large以下仅作参考....... \]

11.1 议论文

  • 第一段：

    1. with the rapid development of \(XXX\). \(XXX\) have\(/\)has become increasingly important in our daily life.

    句意：随着\(XXX\)的快速发展，\(XXX\)已经在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。

    第一空可填：Society.社会、culture.文化、technology.科技、 medical.医疗、 science.科学、education.教育、economy经济、globalization.全球化

    第二空填主题词。如：题中问：How to Repay Your Parents?这里就可填：the relationship between parents and children.

    1. it's quite natural for US to ponder over the question of \(XXX\).

    句意：对我们来说，思考……的问题是很自然的。

    空出填题目中给出的问题。如：How to Repay Your Parents

  • 第二段

    议论通用第二段

    一般情况为三个论点\(+\)三个论据。论点和论据一一对应。

    • 论点一：

      First and foremost，it is obvious that \(XXX\).

      句意：首先，很明显\(XXX\)

      空出填写第一个论点，只用简单句即可。

      • 论据1：

        Based on big data, it is revealed that most \(XXX\) admitted they have spent 2/3 of their time in doing sth.

        句意：基于大数据，大部分的\(XXX\)人承认他们花了3分之2的时间做了某件事。(根据主题调整为相对应的人)

    • 论点二：

      furthermore，no one can deny that \(XXX\).

      句意：此外，没有人可以否认\(XXX\)。

      这里填第二个论点。如：children should repay their parents.孩子应该报答父母。

      • 论据2：where there is\(/\)are \(XXX\) there is\(/\)are \(XXX\).(原句为：Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成.)

        句意：有\(XXX\)地方，就有\(XXX\)。

        例如：Where there is a kinship\(/\)child, there is a love.有孩子就有爱.

    • 论点三：

      Last but not least, I firmly believe that \(XXX\).

      句意：最后我坚定地认.....

      如：taking care of our families is our duty.照顾家人是我们的责任。

      • 论据3：

        although....，......

        句意：尽管......但是.......

        如：Although our parents can take care of themselves, they need to be loved.虽然我们的父母可以照顾自己，但他们需要被爱。

  • 第三段

    \(In\) a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of \(XXX\) Only in this way can we have a bright and promising future.

    总之全社会都应该关注此问题，只有这样我们的未来才能是光明的。

    空出填主题词。

11.2 高分句子

1. Nothing is + 形容词比较级 than to + 动词原形 ；Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + 动词原形

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.　没有比接受教育更重要的事。

2.…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

3.There is no denying that + 主语 + 谓语……(不可否认的……)

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

4.It is universally acknowledgedthat 从句 (全世界都知道……)

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

5.There is no doubt that 从句(毫无疑问的……)

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be

desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

6.An advantage of… is that +句子(……的优点是……)

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that itwon't

create(produce)any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

7.The reason why +句子is that +句子(……的原因是……)

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air(supply fresh air for us).

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

8.So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……)(倒装句)

例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to wasteit.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

9.形容词/名词(前不加冠词)/动词原形 + as + 从句主语+ be/助动词，主句主语+谓语…(虽然……)(as引导让步状语从句的倒装)

例句：Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means

satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

10.The + 形容词比较级，the +形容词比较级 (愈……愈……)

例句：The harder you work，themore progress you make.　　你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read，the more learned we become.　我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

11.On no account can we …(我们绝对不能……)

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

12.It is conceivable that句子(可想而知的)

It is obvious that句子(明显的)

It is apparent that句子(显然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an importantrole in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

13.Since + 从句 +过去式，主句 +现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school，he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

14.For the past +时间，主语 +现在完成式……(过去……年来，……一直……)

例句：For the past two years，Ihave been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

15.It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了)

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

四. 完型填空

重点注意：

  1. 第一段和最后一段的首尾句，其次是每段首句。
  2. 要分清转折递进：相邻两句话之间有没有but、however、still\((还、尽管如此)\)、instead\((反而)\)等词，则下一句是上一句的递进句\(/解释句\)\((前一句和后一句有联系)\)。
  3. 注意文中铺垫暗示和下划线词：选项中是名词尤其适用，选不出答案往后看即可。
  4. 文章和选项出现同词复现，就选这个词，一个空上一句和下一句出现和选项相同词时，可以直接选。

完形填空考点设置：

句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。(形容词、副词、动词)

句组层次题：是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。(名词)

语篇层次题：是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。(最后几空)

完形填空选项设置的几个特点

  1. 同义、近义词辨析型，多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。
  2. 固定搭配型多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词，典型句子结构的搭配。
  3. 常用语法(时态和语态、从句连词)。
  4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。

常考单词

派生词 单词 翻译 引意
originated from. 起源于，源自于
affection for. 对……的感情、对……的喜爱
took on. 呈现
acted as. 充当
it was love at first sight. 一见钟情。
have a big impact on. 有着一个重要的影响对于......
from then on. 从那之后
so that. 以便
动词\(+\)about speak\(/\)talk about 谈论 talk with.与某人交谈
bring about 引起，使发生
hear about 听说 \(=\) hear of、
hear from.收到某人来信
think about 思考
set about 着手，开始 set about\(+\)doing
worry about 为....担心 be worried about.对..感到担忧
care about 关心，对....有兴趣 care for.喜欢
come about 发生 \(=\)happen
ask about 询问，打听
动词\(+\)away throw away 扔掉
wash away 冲走.
wear away 磨掉，消耗 wear out.精疲力竭的
blow away 吹走
take away 拿走，使消失 take-away food.外卖
break away 摆脱 break away from sb.
摆脱某人，也可指地区
carry away 拿走，使人迷 carry.搬重物，take.搬轻物
put away 收拾起来，存起来
send away 让走开 打发走
clear away 清除掉，消散
turn away 把...打发走.
die away 逐渐消失,减弱 声音、火光有过程消失
give away 背弃，泄漏，赠送 泄露秘密
pass away 去世
动词\(+\)back keep back 隐瞒，忍住
hold back 控制住
take back 拿回，收回
look back(on) 回顾
give back 归还
turn back (使)折回，(使)往回走
call back 回电话
动词+for run for 竞选
care for 关心，喜欢
charge for 收费，要价
ask for 要求得到. ask for a day off.要求一天假期
beg for 乞求
apply for 申请
wait for 等候
search for 查找
take...for 误以为....是
stand for 代表，表示
look for 寻找 强调简单的寻找
seek for 寻找 \(=\)search for
long for 渴望
call for 需要，要求
come for 来拿，来取
hope\(/\)wish for 希望得到
hunt for 寻找
account for 解释，说明
change..for 用...换
动词\(+\)down burn down 烧毁
slow down 慢下来
break down 坏了，垮了，分解 无被动，一般为broke down
pass down 传下来 一代代往下传的意思
settle down 安家
put down 记下，写下，镇压
come down 下落，传下
take down 记下，记录
tear down 拆毁，拆除
turn down 调小，拒绝 turn down one's help
拒绝某人好意
calm down 平静下来 指心情
cut down 削减，砍倒
bring down 使...降低，使倒下
动词\(+\)at come at 向....袭击
look at 看，注视 see.强调看见了什么东西
smile at 冲(某人)笑
shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷
stare at 凝视
strike at 向...打击
run at 冲向，向....攻击
glare at 怒视.
aim at 向.....瞄准
glance at 匆匆一瞥
shoot at 向....射击
work at 干......活动(研究)
laugh at 嘲笑
wonder at 惊讶
knock at 敲(门、窗等)
call at 拜访(地点) 后面加地点
tear at 用力撕
point at 指向
动词\(+\)from differ from 与...不同 \(=\)be different from
keep\(/\)stop\(/\)prevent..from 不让...做 keep doing sth.让某人一直做
result from 由于 result in.导致
suffer from 受....苦
date from 始...时期
hear from 收到....来信
learn from 向....学习
separate...from 把...分离开 separate A from B. A从B分离
die from 因....而死
动词\(+\)of think of 想到
approve of 赞成
hear of 听说
dream of 梦到
die of 死于
complain of 抱怨
consist of 由....组成
talk of 谈到
become of 发生...情况\(/\)怎么啦
speak of 谈到
动词\(+\)off start off 出发
set off 出发
leave off 中断
show of 炫耀
get off 下车，脱下(衣服等)
take off 脱下，起飞，剥皮
see off 送行 场景类。飞机场火车站等用到
ring off 挂断电话
put off 延期，推迟 put off\(+\)doing
come off 脱落，褪色
cut off 切断，断绝
fall off 跌落，掉下 后直接加物体，不加from
keep off 避开，勿走近 不加from
go off 走开\(/\)消失\(/\)坏了,爆炸\(/\)不喜欢
knock...off 把...撞落
break off 打断
pay off 还清\(/\)付清\(/\)行贿\(/\)取得成功 得偿所愿，获得成功意思
carry off 携走带走\(/\)赢得
give off 散发出
turn(switch) off 关掉
lay off (暂时)解雇\(/\)停止做 lay.放置，摆放
动词\(+\)on depend on 依靠，取决于 指外在依靠
rely on 依靠 指心理上依靠
insist on 坚持
carry on 继续，进行
keep\(/\)go on 继续
spend...on 在.....花钱 出现动词\(+\)doing
出现名词\(+\)on
put on 穿上，戴上，上
call on 拜访 后\(+\)人
move on 继续移动，往前走
live on 以......为生
feed on 以......为生
bring on 使....发展 bring in.吸收，引进
bring up.抚养，养育
take on 雇用\(/\)呈现（新面貌等） take up.占据，从事...行业
try on 试穿
have on 穿着
pass on 传授，传递 宝贵的东西
look on 旁观
turn(switch) on 打开
take on 开始雇用\(/\)呈现\(/\)
同....较量\(/\)承担\(/\)从事
动词\(+\)out break out 爆发 火灾、战争的突然爆发
put out 扑灭 put out the fire.扑灭火
point out 指出.
turn out 结果是\(/\)生产\(/\)培养 往往有意料之外的情况
speak out 大胆讲出 鼓励别人
pick out 选出.
make out 理解， 看清楚，分辨，辨析
hand out 散发
figure out 算出，理解
come out 出版，出来 无被动
send out 发出，派遣
burst out 进发
cross out 划掉.
run out 用完
bring out 阐明，使表现出
leave out 省略，删掉
go out 熄灭
carry out 执行，进行
keep out(of) 使不进入， 挡住
let out 泄漏\(/\)发出(声音)\(/\)出租
help out 救助
work out 算出，想出办法等
hold out 坚持下去
find out 查出，弄明白
die out 灭绝
set out 出发，着手，摆放
give out 散发，分发，用完
pull out 拔(抽，取)出\(/\)(车等)驶出\(/\)摆脱困境
wear out 穿破，使...疲劳 过去式：wore
过去分词：worn
现在分词：wearing
try out 试用，试验
look out 当心，提防
动词\(+\)in give in 让步
join in 参加
cut in 插人
hand in 上交
take in 接纳，吸收，改小 吸收水分知识....
persist in 坚持
bring in 引进，使得到收入
get in 收获，进入
look in 来访，参观
drop in 拜访 后可跟人或物
break in 强制进入，插话
pull in (车)停下\(/\)(车)进站\(/\)(船)到岸
result in 导致 要加名词或doing形式
\(=\)lead to sb doing导致某人做了某事
fill in 填写 填写表格
succeed in 在....获成功
call in 召集，来访
动词\(+\)into look into 研究，调查
divide...into 把....分成
turn into 变成
change into 把...变成...
run into 碰到
burst into 闯入，进发
put\(/\)translate... into 把...译成
send sb to\(/\)into sleep 使进入状态
动词\(+\)over turn over 翻倒，细想
get over 克服 get over trouble.克服困难
get over difficult.克服困难
take over 接管\(/\)接替
think over 仔细考虑
run over 压死，看一遍
watch over 看守, 照看 更仔细检查
go over 阅\(/\)检查\(/\)研究
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
roll over 翻滚
look over 翻阅，检查 仔细检查
动词\(+\)to belong to 属于 无被动
object to 反对.
reply to 答复
lead to 导致,通向
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
get to 到达.
add to 增添
point to 指向.
bring to 使苏醒\(/\)把...比作
attend to 处理，专心，照料 attend to sb.照顾某人
attend\(+\)地点.参加\(/\)出席某地
turn to 向...求功，查阅 turn to sb form help.
向某人寻求帮助
compare....to 与.....相比，把.....比作
devote to doing 贡献给 中间一般添：反身代词，时间精力
stick\(/\)hold\(/\)keep to 坚持，忠于
appeal to 呼吁\(/\)对....有吸引力
agree to 同意
adapt to 适应
see to 处理，料理
write to 写信给
come to 共计， 苏醒 come to\(+\)数字.总计
come to\(+\)人称代词.苏醒
supply to 为....提供
fail to 未能
动词\(+\)up grow up 成长，长大
take up 开始学，从事，占据
look up 查找，找出
give up 放弃，献出 give up doing
burn up 烧毁
build up 建立
sit up 熬夜
catch up 赶上
set up 架起、建立 指框架
eat up 吃完
hurry up 赶快
put up 搭起\(/\)架起\(/\)安装\(/\)住宿\(/\)张贴\(/\)盖起
use up 用完. be use up.被用完(要用被动)
fix up 修理，安排,装置
tear up 撕碎
keep up 保持
do up 整理，包装，打扮
lay up 储存
hold up 耽搁，使停顿
go up 增长，上涨
make up 构成，组成，编造，弥补
send up 发射
get up 起床，站起
pick up 拾起\(/\)学会\(/\)用车\(/\)来接\(/\)收听到
cut up 切碎
join up 联结起来，参军
bring up 抚养\(/\)呕吐\(/\)提出
end up 终结 end uo doing.最后处于做...事
turn up 开大(音量等)，出席
come up 上来，长出，出现
stay up 挺住，熬夜
speed up 加快速度
ring up 打电话
throw up 呕吐
open up 开辟
clear up 整理，收拾，放晴
divide up 分配
break up 分解
动词\(+\)through get through 通过，干完，接通电话，经历挫折
look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看
go through 审阅，检查,学习
put.....through 接通电话
see through 识破
check through 核对
pull through 渡过危机，康复
动词\(+\)with deal with 处理，对付 前面要用how来提问
compare with 与......对比
supply.....with 以....供给
do with 处理，需要 前面要用what提问
combine with 与....相联合
provide.....with 与.....供给
meet with 遇到，遭受
equip.....with 以.....装备
talk with 同......交谈 强调交流双向性
cover.....with 用....覆盖
agree with 同意
begin with 以.....开始
play with 玩，玩弄
end up with 以....结束
三次以上短语 add up to 总计
break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近
do away with 废除
look down on 轻视
look up to 仰望，尊敬
put up with 忍受
catch up with 赶上
keep up with 赶上
run out of 用完
make up for 弥补
go on with 继续
get on(along) with 和...相处
look forward to 盼望 后\(+\)doing
get close to 接近
take hold of 握住
get out of 逃避，避免
get down to 认真开始 后加doing
set fire to 放火烧
pay attention to 注意 后加doing
take notice of 注意
set an example to 为......榜样 set an example to sb
给某人树立榜样
do well in 在....干得好
pay a visit to 访问
take a photo of 拍....照片
take the place of 取代 take place of

五. 附件

1. 能源问题作文

题目：

V. Writing (20分) Directions: In this part of the test, you are to write a short composition of about 120 to 150 words (non-English majors) or 150 to 180 words (English majors) based on the topic given below. How to Solve the Energy Problem.

With the rapid development of society，energy problem has become increasingly important in our life. It is quite natural for us to ponder over the question of how to solve the energy problem.

First and foremost，it's obvious that energy is not enough today. Based on big data, it is revealed that most people(citizens) admitted they have spent 2/3 of their time in wasting energy. Furthermore，no one can deny that developing the new energy is the best solution for energy shortage. Where there is new energy, there is hope. Last but not least, \(I\) firmly believe that we can manage the new energy well. Although new energy is hard to be used, we can try our best.

\(In\) a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of energy Only in this way can we have a bright and promising future.

译文：

随着社会的快速发展，新能源问题在我们的生活中变得越来越重要。思考如何解决能源问题是很自然的。

首先，很明显，今天的能源不够用。根据大数据显示，大多数人(市民)承认他们花了2/3的时间在浪费能源上。此外，没有人能否认开发新能源是解决能源短缺的最好办法。哪里有新能源，哪里就有希望。最后但同样重要的，我坚信我们可以管理好新能源。虽然新能源很难被利用，我们可以尽最大努力。

总之，整个社会应该密切关注能源问题，只有这样我们才能有一个光明和有前途的未来。

2. 信件类作文

(1)题目：

Directions: For this part you are required to write a letter based on the following information given in Chinese. Remember to write your letter in the space given on Answer Sheet.
说明：假设你是项目经理Jane Hart。根据以下内容给John Smith先生写一封信。写信时间为2013年5月5日，信的内容包含:

  1. 感谢他上周发来的邮件;
  2. 告诉他工程进度始终是在按照合同规定的时间进行;
  3. 对当地员工的培训还未完成，预计下月底可结束;
  4. 随信附上一份参加培训的员工名单。
  5. 请注意信函格式！

英语作文信件示例

英语作文信件示例

译文：

亲爱的约翰·史密斯，(先生或女士)

我的名字是简哈特，我是项目经理。谢谢你上周的邮件。我代表公司写这封信是想让您了解一下培训的进展情况。具体情况如下。

我想传达的第一件事是项目的进展一直在进行合同上的时间。请知悉。有关的第二件事是当地员工的培训还没有结束。预计将在明年年底完成。最后，培训人员名单见附件。

谢谢你的宝贵时间。

  1. 仅作参考........ ↩︎

posted @ 2023-03-19 14:34  Acidm  阅读(108)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报