容器自动化（二）：docker基础（下）

容器自动化（二）：docker基础（下）

标签： 容器docker

---

五，网络管理

Docker支持5种网络模式

bridge
    默认网络，Docker启动后默认创建一个docker0网桥，默认创建的容器也是添加到这个网桥中
host
    容器不会获得一个独立的network namespace，而是与宿主机共用一个
none
    获取独立的network namespace，但不为容器进行任何网络配置
container
    与指定的容器使用同一个network namespace，网卡配置也都是相同的
自定义
    自定义网桥，默认与bridge网络一样

5.1.1 bridge网络类型

#安装bridge管理工具

    [root@docker ~]# yum -y install bridge-utils
    #查看网桥状态
    [root@docker ~]# brctl show
    bridge name             bridge id        STP enabled         interfaces
    br-b02d86520223     8000.02427fd4e96d       no              veth3c0da5f     #网桥br-br0绑定了两个虚拟网卡
                                                                vethcd34854
    docker0             8000.02424cab4d14       no              veth0d15221     #网桥docker0绑定了一个虚拟网卡
    #查看网络类型
    [root@docker ~]# docker network ls
    NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
    29e8c90dbd80        bridge              bridge              local   #两个网桥类型的网络
    f11e598312bd        host                host                local
    b02d86520223        lnmp                bridge              local   #两个网桥类型的网络
    3978eff69b11        none                null                local
    #查看容器进程
    [root@docker ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
    274cd088c4ad        centos                    "/bin/bash"              14 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes                                               test
    1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   2 days ago          Up 2 days           443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
    07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 days ago          Up 2 days           0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
    #查看容器lnmp_mysql的网络信息
    [root@docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_mysql | grep -A 15 "Networks"
                "Networks": {
                    "lnmp": {   #网络类型lnmp
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": [
                            "07bd252ec637"
                        ],
                        "NetworkID": "b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e",
                        "EndpointID": "6059606168f72d1561e4ce1d345fdc8dafed7b3956f9b2a392f29635c4001b7c",
                        "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    #网关172.18.0.1，这就是网桥br-b02d86520223
                        "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",  #容器IP172.18.0.2
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
    #查看容器lnmp_web的网络信息
    [root@docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_web | grep -A 15 "Networks"
                "Networks": {
                    "lnmp": {   #网络类型lnmp
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": [
                            "1ab26792a73c"
                        ],
                        "NetworkID": "b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e",
                        "EndpointID": "778d44313652bce9af6f09c3f67d56946eca2c6b7cf7dc8b9c79046e7874842a",
                        "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    #网关172.18.0.1，这就是网桥br-b02d86520223
                        "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",  #容器IP172.18.0.3
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
    #查看容器test的网络信息
    [root@docker ~]# docker inspect test | grep -A 15 "Networks"
                "Networks": {
                    "bridge": {
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "29e8c90dbd80c38e964c4a6055456fb1718f499f03a1ff81af0a3c2643231de5",
                        "EndpointID": "cacf4aea37a8d12bae2358fa682da1e3c3b6bb85947a88d8242fbf1bff3d3d86",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",    #网关172.17.0.1，这就是网桥docker0
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",  #容器IP172.17.0.2
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
5.1.2 host网络类型
-
    #启动一个网络类型为host的容器
    [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test2 --network host centos:latest /bin/bash
    156dbada7627542fd0ab7134cec270466bcef5180feeec44343821d71cc6ebaf
    [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
    156dbada7627        centos:latest             "/bin/bash"              3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                                                test2
    274cd088c4ad        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                                                  test
    1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days           443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
    07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days           0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
    #查看容器的ip
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec test2 hostname -I  #这就是网络类型为host的容器，ip地址和docker宿主机完全一样
    192.168.200.142 172.17.0.1 172.18.0.1 
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec test hostname -I   #网桥类型容器
    172.17.0.2 
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_mysql hostname -i #网桥类型容器
    172.18.0.2
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_web hostname -i   #网桥类型容器
    172.18.0.3

5.1.3 none网络类型（用于建立与宿主机的桥接模式）

    #启动一个网络类型为none的容器
    [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test3 --net none centos:latest
    cddf4c8888d71df9224b6455ae426fe33470e219c5c755252875da7a20c4527f
    #查看容器IP地址
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec test3 hostname -I

    查询后发现，什么IP地址都没有，是的，none类型就是暂时不给容器指定网卡。
5.1.4 container网络类型
-
    #启动一个容器，网络类型container，使用test容器的网卡
    [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test4 --net container:test centos:latest /bin/bash
    d0100ebdadde9733d5c2d0fd8f1a8017d1c74c4323408cd11ac593c0f7d7f42f
    [root@docker ~]# docker inspect test | grep -A 15 "Networks"
    \            "Networks": {
                    "bridge": {
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "29e8c90dbd80c38e964c4a6055456fb1718f499f03a1ff81af0a3c2643231de5",
                        "EndpointID": "cacf4aea37a8d12bae2358fa682da1e3c3b6bb85947a88d8242fbf1bff3d3d86",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",    #test容器的网关
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",  #test容器模式网桥
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
    [root@docker ~]# docker inspect test4 | grep -A 15 "Networks"
                "Networks": {}              #test4容器并没有自己的网络设置
            }
        }
    ]
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec test4 hostname -I  #test4没有网络设置却有IP地址和test容器完全一样
    172.17.0.2 

5.2 桥接宿主机网络与配置固定IP地址
5.2.1 建立网桥桥接到宿主机网络

    构建一个永久生效的网桥br0
    [root@docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens32 
    TYPE=Ethernet
    BOOTPROTO=dhcp
    NAME=ens32
    DEVICE=ens32
    ONBOOT=yes
    BRIDGE=br0
    [root@docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 
    TYPE=Bridge
    BOOTPROTO=static
    DEVICE=br0
    ONBOOT=yes
    IPADDR=192.168.200.142
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
    DNS1=192.168.200.2
    

    [root@docker network-scripts]# service network restart    #查看网卡IP
    [root@docker network-scripts]# ifconfig ens32
    ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            ether 00:0c:29:93:37:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)    #ens32网卡已经没有IP地址了
            RX packets 626902  bytes 599726150 (571.9 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 570556  bytes 1022355519 (974.9 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    [root@docker network-scripts]# ifconfig br0
    br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.200.142  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.200.255  #网桥br0代替了ens32
            inet6 fe80::f82d:6dff:fed3:a9bb  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:93:37:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 306  bytes 28092 (27.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 141  bytes 19806 (19.3 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    [root@docker network-scripts]# brctl show
    bridge name                 bridge id       STP     enabled interfaces
    br-b02d86520223     8000.02427fd4e96d       no      veth3c0da5f
                                                        vethcd34854
    br0                 8000.000c2993370b       no      ens32       #网桥br0，桥接在了真实的物理网卡ens32上
    docker0             8000.02424cab4d14       no      veth0d15221


----------


5.2.2 通过pipework工具配置容器固定IP
pipework工具下载地址：https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
-
    #解压安装pipework工具
    [root@docker ~]# yum -y install unzip
    [root@docker ~]# unzip pipework-master.zip 
    Archive:  pipework-master.zip
    ae42f1b5fef82b3bc23fe93c95c345e7af65fef3
       creating: pipework-master/
     extracting: pipework-master/.gitignore  
      inflating: pipework-master/LICENSE  
      inflating: pipework-master/README.md  
      inflating: pipework-master/docker-compose.yml  
       creating: pipework-master/doctoc/
      inflating: pipework-master/doctoc/Dockerfile  
      inflating: pipework-master/pipework  
      inflating: pipework-master/pipework.spec  
    [root@docker ~]# mv pipework-master /usr/local/
    [root@docker ~]# ln -s /usr/local/pipework-master/pipework /usr/local/bin/
    [root@docker ~]# which pipework
    /usr/local/bin/pipework
    #建立网络类型为none的容器，并通过pipework配置固定ip地址
    [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test5 --net none centos:latest /bin/bash
    5b06b180ce8477eb21959facde5c48f1d3670396baa5696ad319d3052b610a4b
    [root@docker ~]# pipework br0 test5 192.168.200.199/24@192.168.200.2    #设置容器固定IP为192.168.200.199网关192.168.200.2
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec test5 hostname -I  #有IP了
    192.168.200.199 
    [root@docker ~]# ping 192.168.200.199   #宿主机ping能通
    PING 192.168.200.199 (192.168.200.199) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.200.199: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
    ^C
    --- 192.168.200.199 ping statistics ---
    1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.076/0.076/0.076/0.000 ms
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it test5 /bin/bash    #进入容器
    [root@5b06b180ce84 /]# ping www.baidu.com       #能连接外网
    PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.73 ms
    ^C
    --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
    1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.733/5.733/5.733/0.000 ms

通过windows宿主机ping虚拟机中的容器进程IP进行测试

综上，外部机器访问虚拟机中的容器进程也可以联通了

---

六，Docker的镜像制作

6.1 Dockerfile常用指令介绍

---

6.2 利用Dockerfile编写简单的nginxWeb镜像

#首先我们开启ipv4转发
[root@docker ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@docker ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
#创建nginx的镜像目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p dockerfile/lib/centos/nginx
[root@docker ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/nginx
#准备Dockerfile文件
[root@docker nginx]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.yunjisuan.com
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel
ADD nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz /tmp
RUN cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.1 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && \
    make -j 2 && \
    make install
RUN rm -rf /tmp/nginx-1.12.1* && yum clean all
COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["./sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
#将事先准备好的nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz和nginx.conf配置文件拷贝到当前目录下
[root@docker nginx]# ls
Dockerfile  nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz  nginx.conf
#build基于nginx的docker镜像
[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:1 .

---

6.3 构建PHP网站平台镜像实战

现在我们创建一个PHP的docker镜像

#创建php的镜像目录
[root@docker php]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/php
[root@docker php]# cd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/php
#准备Dockerfile文件
[root@docker ~]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.yunjisuan.com
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel
ADD php-5.6.31.tar.gz /tmp
RUN cd /tmp/php-5.6.31 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
    --with-mysql --with-mysqli \
    --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-iconv \
    --enable-fpm --enable-zip --enable-mbstring && \
    make -j 4 && \
    make install && \
    cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    sed -i "s#127.0.0.1#0.0.0.0#" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    sed -i "21a \daemonize = no" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
COPY php.ini /usr/local/php/etc
RUN rm -rf /tmp/php-5.6.31* && yum -y clean all
WORKDIR /usr/local/php
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["./sbin/php-fpm","-c","/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf"]
#将事先准备好的php.ini文件及php-5.6.31.tar.gz拷贝到当前目录下
[root@docker php]# ls
Dockerfile  php-5.6.31.tar.gz  php.ini
#build基于php的docker镜像
[root@docker php]# docker build -t php:1 .
[root@docker php]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
php                       1                   b32db03ee974        9 minutes ago       965MB
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   latest              26c0e6f09c52        6 days ago          300MB
nginx                     latest              649dcb69b782        7 days ago          109MB
mysql                     5.6                 97fdbdd65c6a        2 weeks ago         256MB
centos                    7                   49f7960eb7e4        5 weeks ago         200MB
centos                    latest              49f7960eb7e4        5 weeks ago         200MB

---

6.4 创建nginx-php网络环境，并启动容器

    #创建一个叫做lnmp的网络
    [root@docker nginx]# docker network create lnmp
    [root@docker nginx]# docker network ls
    NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
    29e8c90dbd80        bridge              bridge              local
    f11e598312bd        host                host                local
    b02d86520223        lnmp                bridge              local
    3978eff69b11        none                null                local
    #创建nginx-php网页挂载目录
    [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /app/wwwroot
    #启动php容器
    [root@docker nginx]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_php --network lnmp --mount type=bind,src=/app/wwwroot/,dst=/usr/local/nginx/html php:1
    a58142f8e7a219f4cfdbb5d919fdd66a9a5b25b938b7b37db5af3bb4ccb47030
    [root@docker nginx]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a58142f8e7a2        php:1               "./sbin/php-fpm -c /…"   4 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        9000/tcp            lnmp_php
    [root@docker nginx]# docker exec lnmp_php hostname -I
    172.18.0.2 
    #启动nginx容器
    [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_nginx -p 888:80 --network lnmp --mount type=bind,src=/app/wwwroot,dst=/usr/local/nginx/html nginx:1
    c9cc03248aee776185ca6c9f2d094e4958f1dbd1e5e6485c51204acdcb6611cf
    [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    c9cc03248aee        nginx:1             "./sbin/nginx -g 'da…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        80/tcp              lnmp_nginx
    078d85b7b76c        php:1               "./sbin/php-fpm -c /…"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        9000/tcp            lnmp_php
    [root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_nginx hostname -I
    172.18.0.3 
    #创建测试页面php.info
    [root@docker wwwroot]# echo "<?php phpinfo();?>" > /app/wwwroot/index.php

最后通过浏览器进行访问测试

---

6.6 构建JAVA网站环境镜像实战

• 创建java镜像构建存储目录

    [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p dockerfile/lib/centos/tomcat
    [root@docker ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/tomcat
    #将所需软件包拷贝到当前目录下
    [root@docker tomcat]# ls
    apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz  Dockerfile  jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz  server.xml
    #筹备Dockerfile
    [root@docker tomcat]# cat Dockerfile 
    FROM centos:7
    MAINTAINER www.yunjisuan.com 
    ADD jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
    ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
    ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz /usr/local
    COPY server.xml /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/conf
    RUN rm -f /usr/local/apache*.tar.gz
    WORKDIR /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46
    EXPOSE 8080
    ENTRYPOINT ["./bin/catalina.sh", "run"]
    #build基于tomcat的镜像
    [root@docker tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat:1 .
    #创建网页挂载目录
    [root@docker tomcat]# mkdir -p /app/webapps
    #启动tomcat的容器进程
    [root@docker tomcat]# docker run -dit --name=tomcat -p 8080:8080 --mount type=bind,src=/app/webapps/,dst=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps tomcat:1
    5ca13d17a24bd390f1eaaf5e7e4ab33e299eeb55b3719d84e15702d7dbee9557
    #查看容器进程
    [root@docker tomcat]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    5ca13d17a24b        tomcat:1            "./bin/catalina.sh r…"   34 seconds ago      Up 34 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   tomcat
    afb646218459        nginx:1             "./sbin/nginx -g 'da…"   36 minutes ago      Up 36 minutes       0.0.0.0:888->80/tcp      lnmp_nginx
    078d85b7b76c        php:1               "./sbin/php-fpm -c /…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    9000/tcp                 lnmp_php
    #创建网站测试页
    [root@docker tomcat]# mkdir -p /app/webapps/ROOT
    [root@docker tomcat]# echo "welcome to yunjisuan" >> /app/webapps/ROOT/index.html

然后我们用浏览器访问8080端口

特别提示：

    tomcat有三种启动方式:
        直接启动./startup.sh
        作为服务启动 nohup ./startup.sh &
        控制台动态输出方式启动./catalina.sh run动态地显示tomcat后台的控制台输出信息，Ctrl+C后退出并关闭服务
    构建镜像的Dockerfile里的最后一步启动的进程不能是后台模式，否则容器直接退出。因此，nginxWeb镜像构建时，用CMD ["./sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]方式进行启动

---

七，Docker企业实战案例一：整套项目一键打包部署

7.1 Docker Compose用法
7.1.1 介绍

Compose是一个定义和管理多容器的工具，使用Python语言编写。使用Compose配置文件描述多个容器应用的架构，比如使用什么镜像，数据卷，网络，映射端口等；然后一条命令管理所有服务，比如启动，停止，重启等。

7.1.2 安装

    下载docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip
    [root@docker ~]# ll docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8733389 7月  13 22:54 docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip
    [root@docker ~]# which unzip
    /usr/bin/unzip
    [root@docker ~]# unzip docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip 
    Archive:  docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip
      inflating: docker-compose          
    [root@docker ~]# ll docker-compose
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8858496 8月  31 2017 docker-compose
    [root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker-compose
    [root@docker ~]# mv docker-compose /usr/bin/
    [root@docker ~]# which docker-compose
    /usr/bin/docker-compose

7.1.3 YAML文件格式及编写注意事项

    YAML是一种标记语言很直观的数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于XML数据描述语言，语法比XML简单的很多。
    YAML数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号括起来，hash用花括号括起来。

    YAML文件格式注意事项：
        不支持制表符tab键缩进，需要使用空格缩进
        通常开头缩进2个空格
        字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号，逗号，横杆
        用井号注释
        如果包含特殊字符用单引号引起来
        布尔值（true，false，yes，no，on，off）必须用引号括起来，这样分析器会将他们解释为字符串。
配置文件常用字段
 ![image_1fim1mk42r2s1c7puh2e14ru3k.png-70.9kB][7]


常用命令
  ![image_1fim1nfh419dbfn7nmmla21i3i41.png-42.1kB][8]


例如：
-
    [root@docker ~]# cat docker-compose.yml 
    version: '3'
    services:
      nginx:
        hostname: nginx
        build:
          context: ./nginx
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
        ports:
          - 81:80
        networks:
          - lnmp
        volumes:
          - ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
      php:
        hostname: php
        build:
          context: ./php
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
        networks:
          - lnmp
        volumes:
          - ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
      mysql:
        hostname: mysql
        image: mysql:5.6
        ports:
          - 3306:3306
        networks:
          - lnmp
        volumes:
          - ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
          - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
        command: --character-set-server=utf8
        environment:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
          MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
          MYSQL_USER: user
          MYSQL_PASSWORD: user123
    networks:
      lnmp: 
      


----------
##7.2 一键部署LNMP网站平台实战
```sehll
    #查看compose_lnmp包
    [root@docker ~]# tree compose_lnmp/
    compose_lnmp/
    ├── docker-compose.yml  #docker-compose启动接口文件
    ├── mysql
    │   ├── conf
    │   │   └── my.cnf  #mysql配置文件
    │   └── data        #待挂载mysql数据目录
    ├── nginx
    │   ├── Dockerfile  #自定义nginx的Docker镜像配置文件
    │   ├── nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz #源码包
    │   └── nginx.conf  #nginx配置文件
    ├── php
    │   ├── Dockerfile  #自定义php的Docker镜像配置文件
    │   ├── php-5.6.31.tar.gz   #源码包
    │   └── php.ini     #php解析器配置文件  
    └── wwwroot         #nginx容器和php容器待挂载的网页目录
        └── index.php   #网页测试文件
    6 directories, 9 files
    #一键部署LNMP
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up

浏览器访问：

      #一键查看所有部署的容器进程
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml ps
           Name                      Command               State           Ports          
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    composelnmp_mysql_1   docker-entrypoint.sh --cha ...   Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp 
    composelnmp_nginx_1   ./sbin/nginx -g daemon off;      Up      0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp     
    composelnmp_php_1     ./sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/loc ...   Up      9000/tcp      
    #一键终止所有部署的容器进程
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml stop
    Stopping composelnmp_nginx_1 ... done
    Stopping composelnmp_php_1   ... done
    Stopping composelnmp_mysql_1 ... done
    #一键查看所有部署的容器进程
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml ps
           Name                      Command               State    Ports 
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    composelnmp_mysql_1   docker-entrypoint.sh --cha ...   Exit 0         
    composelnmp_nginx_1   ./sbin/nginx -g daemon off;      Exit 0         
    composelnmp_php_1     ./sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/loc ...   Exit 0       
    #一键清理所有部署的容器进程
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml down
    Removing composelnmp_nginx_1 ... done
    Removing composelnmp_php_1   ... done
    Removing composelnmp_mysql_1 ... done
    Removing network composelnmp_lnmp
    [root@docker compose_lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml ps
    Name   Command   State   Ports 
    ------------------------------
    


----------


7.3 一键部署Nginx反向代理Tomcat集群实战
``` shell
    #查看compose_nginx_tomcat包
    [root@docker ~]# tree compose_nginx_tomcat/
    compose_nginx_tomcat/
    ├── docker-compose.yml
    ├── mysql
    │   ├── conf
    │   │   └── my.cnf  #mysql的配置文件
    │   └── data        #待挂载mysql数据目录
    ├── nginx
    │   ├── Dockerfile      #自定义镜像配置文件
    │   ├── nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz #源码包
    │   └── nginx.conf          #nginx配置文件
    ├── tomcat
    │   ├── apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz #源码包
    │   ├── Dockerfile      #自定义镜像配置文件
    │   └── server.xml      #tomcat配置文件
    └── webapps         
        └── ROOT
            └── index.html  #网页测试文件
    7 directories, 9 files
    #查看docker-compose的启动接口文件
    [root@docker ~]# cat compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml 
    version: '3'
    services:
      nginx:
        hostname: nginx
        build:
          context: ./nginx
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
        ports:
          - 82:80
        networks:
          - lnmt
        volumes:
          - ./webapps:/opt/webapps
      tomcat01:
        hostname: tomcat01
        build: ./tomcat
        networks:
          - lnmt
        volumes:
          - /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
          - ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps
      tomcat02:
        hostname: tomcat02
        build: ./tomcat
        networks:
          - lnmt
        volumes:
          - /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45   #docker宿主机的java环境被挂载了！
          - ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps
      mysql:
        hostname: mysql
        image: mysql:5.6
        ports:
          - 3307:3306
        networks:
          - lnmt
        volumes:
          - ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
          - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
        environment:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
          MYSQL_DATABASE: db
          MYSQL_USER: user
          MYSQL_PASSWORD: user123
    networks:
      lnmt:

#由于tomcat容器进程需要挂载docker宿主机本地的java环境
#所以在docker宿主机本地安装jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz

    [root@docker ~]# ll jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173271626 7月  14 01:38 jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
    [root@docker ~]# tar xf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    [root@docker ~]# ll -d /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
    drwxr-xr-x 8 10 143 255 4月  11 2015 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
    #一键部署ngxin+tomcat反向代理集群
    [root@docker compose_nginx_tomcat]# pwd
    /root/compose_nginx_tomcat
    [root@docker compose_nginx_tomcat]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up

浏览器访问：

  [root@docker ~]# docker-compose -f compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml ps
                Name                          Command             State           Ports          
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    composenginxtomcat_mysql_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Up      0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp 
    composenginxtomcat_nginx_1      ./sbin/nginx -g daemon off;   Up      0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp     
    composenginxtomcat_tomcat01_1   ./bin/catalina.sh run         Up      8080/tcp               
    composenginxtomcat_tomcat02_1   ./bin/catalina.sh run         Up      8080/tcp               
    [root@docker ~]# docker-compose -f compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml stop
    Stopping composenginxtomcat_nginx_1    ... done
    Stopping composenginxtomcat_mysql_1    ... done
    Stopping composenginxtomcat_tomcat02_1 ... done
    Stopping composenginxtomcat_tomcat01_1 ... done
    [root@docker ~]# docker-compose -f compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml ps
                Name                          Command              State     Ports 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    composenginxtomcat_mysql_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Exit 0           
    composenginxtomcat_nginx_1      ./sbin/nginx -g daemon off;   Exit 0           
    composenginxtomcat_tomcat01_1   ./bin/catalina.sh run         Exit 143         
    composenginxtomcat_tomcat02_1   ./bin/catalina.sh run         Exit 143         
    [root@docker ~]# docker-compose -f compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml down
    Removing composenginxtomcat_nginx_1    ... done
    Removing composenginxtomcat_mysql_1    ... done
    Removing composenginxtomcat_tomcat02_1 ... done
    Removing composenginxtomcat_tomcat01_1 ... done
    Removing network composenginxtomcat_lnmt
    [root@docker ~]# docker-compose -f compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml ps
    Name   Command   State   Ports 

------------------------------