深度学习caffe:Ubuntu16.04安装指南(2)

caffe [CPU ONLY] 2017-01-19

最简单的安装配置方式: 不用GPU加速,使用OPENCV3.1图像库+系统自带的python2.7, 由官方教程(链接如下)简化而得到.

Ubuntu 16.04 or 15.10 Installation Guide

0. Ubuntu16.04 安装

如果对于安装Ubuntu的过程不是很熟悉的话,这里有不错的教程和常见问题解决方案.

Ubuntu16.04 U盘安装Ubuntu16.04制作 光盘刻录 安装与简介

Ubuntu 16.04 installation failure

1. 更新软件源

使用默认的软件源特别的慢,搜索国内Ubuntu16.04 软件源得到相关网页很多,

Ubuntu 16.04 几个国内更新源

ubuntu16.04源

操作命令

# 在修改source.list前，最好先备份一份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
# 执行命令打开source.list文件,清空内容,输入清华的软件源
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
# 开始更新
sudo apt-get update 

注: 在bjtu,推荐清华大学的软件源,速度更快[也可以使用aliyun]

清华大学

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

阿里云

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

 2. 安装需求软件

 caffe的编译/运行需要依赖一些其它的程序和各种库

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake git pkg-config

sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler

sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev 

sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev

sudo apt-get install -y libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev

# (Python general)
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip

# (Python 2.7 development files)
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy

 建议:

 安装过程最好一条命令一条命令的执行,出现了错误方便及时发现.

 安装过程中因为网络原因,难免会出现安装失败的情况,不用担心,重新执行命令,多试几次就好啦~

3. OPENCV3.1

下载

项目地址: https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git

直接下载: opencv-master.zip
 

依赖项安装

sudo apt-get install --assume-yes build-essential cmake git
sudo apt-get install --assume-yes build-essential pkg-config unzip ffmpeg qtbase5-dev python-dev python3-dev python-numpy python3-numpy
sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libopencv-dev libgtk-3-dev libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev
sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev
sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev
sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev v4l-utils 

解压,进入opencv-master目录 ,开始编译

# 解压进入源码目录
unzip opencv-master.zip
cd opencv-master
# 创建build目录,用于编译
mkdir build
cd build/
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -D WITH_CUBLAS=ON -DCUDA_NVCC_FLAGS="-D_FORCE_INLINES" ..    
make -j $(($(nproc) + 1))

安装

# 当前在build目录下
sudo make install
sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig
sudo apt-get update

 测试:

到了这一步,如果没有报错,说明已经安装成功了,为了确认一下,可以用一个例子实际跑一下.

具体可以参考我的这一篇博文: OPENCV3.1测试demo

4. 配置libhdf5

直接执行下列命令即可,否则在第五步执行"make all" 会报hdf5相关错误

find . -type f -exec sed -i -e 's^"hdf5.h"^"hdf5/serial/hdf5.h"^g' -e 's^"hdf5_hl.h"^"hdf5/serial/hdf5_hl.h"^g' '{}' \;

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

sudo ln -s libhdf5_serial.so.10.1.0 libhdf5.so

sudo ln -s libhdf5_serial_hl.so.10.0.2 libhdf5_hl.so  

5. caffe

下载

项目地址: https://github.com/BVLC/caffe 

直接下载: caffe-master.zip

注: 通过git命令直接clone项目(git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git ),但是速度一般都特别慢,建议直接下载

python库支持

解压caffe-master.zip之后,进入caffe-master/python,安装python需求库

unzip caffe-master.zip
cd caffe-master
# 第一步,安装python需求库
cd python
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done 

配置文件修改: Makefile和Makefile.config[当前目录caffe-master]

Makefile

gedit ./Makefile
# 替换
NVCCFLAGS += -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
# 为
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

Makefile.config

cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
gedit ./Makefile.config

修改配置项如下

# 取消注释
CPU_ONLY := 1
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

# 包含和库路径保持同下面一致
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial /usr/local/share/OpenCV/3rdparty/lib/

编译运行

# 多核并行,加快执行速度: -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
make all -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
make test -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
make runtest -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
make pycaffe  -j $(($(nproc) + 1))
make distribute -j $(($(nproc) + 1))

 注: 编译运行过程若是报错提示缺少某个软件或是库,一般直接安装就可以解决. 重新编译命令为 make clean

给当前用户bash添加python环境变量

gedit ~/.bashrc
# 最后一行添加
export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/caffe-master/python:$PYTHONPATH
# 立即生效
source ~/.bashrc 

6. 运行caffe自带的两个DEMO: minster和cifar10

 实验部分链接: 运行caffe自带的DEMO