【蓝桥杯单片机06】矩阵键盘的基本控制

【蓝桥杯单片机06】矩阵键盘的基本控制

广东职业技术学院  欧浩源

    掌握了独立按键的处理思路之后,也不是那么轻易的能够学会矩阵键盘的,两者的处理思路有很大的不同,不过,只要把矩阵键盘的本质思想搞清楚了,不过是4X4的还是8X8的,都能够很轻松的处理。

1、矩阵键盘的扫描思想
    与独立按键不同的是,按键的两个引脚都分别连接的单片机的I/O端口,一个作为行信号,另外一个作为列信号。我们以4X4的矩阵键盘为例,试着探讨其工作方式和扫描思路。

    在上面的矩阵键盘中,要识别出黄色按键的按下状态,应该怎么做呢?
    对与矩阵键盘,我们只能逐行扫描,然后读取列的状态信号。如果R3行输出低电平,那么黄色按键如果有按下动作的话,那读取C2列信号也应该为低电平,而该行上其他没有按下动作的按键的列信号则为高电平。因此,我们可以得到矩阵键盘的基本扫描步骤:
    <1> R1输出点电平,R2、R3、R4输出高电平,逐个读取判断列信号,如果都为高电平则R1行上没有按键按下。
    <2> R2输出点电平,R1、R3、R4输出高电平,逐个读取判断列信号。
    <3> R3输出点电平,R1、R2、R4输出高电平,发现C2列信号为低电平,那么可以判断得R3行的C2列的按键有按下动作。
    <4> R4输出点电平,R1、R3、R4输出高电平,逐个读取判断列信号。
    如此循环往复,扫描的按键的状态。
    我们知道有按键按下动作,那么又怎么知道是哪一个按键按下呢?这时,我们最好定义一个键值全局变量,给矩阵行列上的每一个的按键编一个唯一的号码。当扫描的某一行某一列的按键动作后,把对应的编号复制给键值变量,这样我们判断这个键值,就知道是那个按键有触发动作了。
    说得再多,不如一练,看题。
2、单元训练题目

3、实现源码参考

#include "reg52.h"  

sfr P4   = 0xC0;    

sbit HC138_A = P2^5;    
sbit HC138_B = P2^6;    
sbit HC138_C = P2^7;    

sbit R1 = P3^0;  
sbit R2 = P3^1;
sbit R3 = P3^2;
sbit R4 = P3^3;

sbit C1 = P4^4;
sbit C2 = P4^2;
sbit C3 = P3^5;
sbit C4 = P3^4;

unsigned char keyNum = 0x10;
unsigned char code SMG_NoDot[18] = 
    {0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,
     0x80,0x90,0x88,0x80,0xc6,0xc0,0x86,0x8e,
     0xbf,0x7f};

void Delay(unsigned char t)
{
    while(t--);
}

void Init74HC138(unsigned char n)
{
    switch(n)
    {
        case 4:
            HC138_A = 0;
            HC138_B = 0;
            HC138_C = 1;
            break;
        case 5:
            HC138_A = 1;
            HC138_B = 0;
            HC138_C = 1;
            break;
        case 6:
            HC138_A = 0;
            HC138_B = 1;
            HC138_C = 1;
            break;
        case 7:
            HC138_A = 1;
            HC138_B = 1;
            HC138_C = 1;
            break;
        case 8:
            HC138_A = 0;
            HC138_B = 0;
            HC138_C = 0;
            break;
    }
}

void ShowKeyNum(unsigned char value)
{
    Init74HC138(6);
    P0 = 0x01;
    Init74HC138(7);
    P0 = value;
}

void ScanKeys()
{
    keyNum = 16;
    R1 = 0;
    R2 = R3 = R4 = 1;
    C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
    if(C1 == 0)
    {
        while(C1 == 0);
        keyNum = 0;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C2 == 0)
    {
        while(C2 == 0);
        keyNum = 1;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C3 == 0)
    {
        while(C3 == 0);
        keyNum = 2;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C4 == 0)
    {
        while(C4 == 0);
        keyNum = 3;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    
    R2 = 0;
    R1 = R3 = R4 = 1;
    C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
    if(C1 == 0)
    {
        while(C1 == 0);
        keyNum = 4;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C2 == 0)
    {
        while(C2 == 0);
        keyNum = 5;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C3 == 0)
    {
        while(C3 == 0);
        keyNum = 6;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C4 == 0)
    {
        while(C4 == 0);
        keyNum = 7;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    
    R3 = 0;
    R2 = R1 = R4 = 1;
    C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
    if(C1 == 0)
    {
        while(C1 == 0);
        keyNum = 8;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C2 == 0)
    {
        while(C2 == 0);
        keyNum = 9;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C3 == 0)
    {
        while(C3 == 0);
        keyNum = 10;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C4 == 0)
    {
        while(C4 == 0);
        keyNum = 11;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    
    R4 = 0;
    R2 = R3 = R1 = 1;
    C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
    if(C1 == 0)
    {
        while(C1 == 0);
        keyNum = 12;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C2 == 0)
    {
        while(C2 == 0);
        keyNum = 13;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C3 == 0)
    {
        while(C3 == 0);
        keyNum = 14;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
    else if(C4 == 0)
    {
        while(C4 == 0);
        keyNum = 15;
        ShowKeyNum(SMG_NoDot[keyNum]);
    }
}

void main()
{    
    while(1)
    {
        ScanKeys();
    }
}

 

posted on 2018-02-04 01:07  小蜜蜂老师  阅读(7532)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报