Chocolatey安装与使用

目录

使用Chocolatey完成一键盘安装Windows环境下的所有程序依赖

Chocolatey安装

Chocolatey 是一种软件管理解决方案，不同于您在 Windows 上体验过的任何解决方案。 可以这样想 - 您使用一个小 PowerShell 创建一个软件部署包，然后您可以将它部署到任何拥有 Windows 的地方（例如 Puppet、SCCM、Altiris、Connectwise Automate 等)。

Chocolatey 安装前提条件

安装要求

Chocolatey 对内存的要求比较低. 对系统的要求:

  • Windows 7以上或者Windows 2003+ (Server Core 也包括在内, 但是不包括 Windows Nano Server);
  • 需要已经安装Windows PowerShell v2+ (PowerShell Core aka PowerShell 6 暂且不被支持); .NET Framework 4.x以上;

空间要求

  • Chocolatey CLI 对默认安装大概为 15 MB左右。
  • Chocolatey GUI 在默认安装中占用另外 50-100 MB 的空间。
  • Chocolatey Agent 大约需要 10 MB。

Chocolatey组成

Chocolatey CLI 又名 choco（或 choco.exe）是一个客户端（不是 Windows 服务），它提供 Chocolatey 的核心和本地安装包的安装存储。 这点很重要，因为 Chocolatey 管理包，而不是直接管理程序和功能 - 程序和功能仅限于具有“安装程序”的软件，而 Chocolatey 将 Windows 软件的所有方面都视为一等公民（zip、脚本、二进制文件、安装程序），因此 它需要分别跟踪和管理这些东西。

Chocolatey GUI 是一个在用户运行时运行的应用程序（也不是 Windows 服务）。

Chocolatey Agent（又名 Chocolatey-agent）是 Chocolatey for Business 中提供的一项 Windows 服务。 它用于自助安装和 Chocolatey 中央管理。

安装Chocolatey

安装Chocolatey有多种方法, 可以从以下方法中任选一种进行安装:

  1. 方法一：以管理员身份打开cmd.exe（很重要），执行以下代码
bash @"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"
  1. 方法二：以管理员身份打开powershell.exe,执行以下代码
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
  1. 方法三：直接打开https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1,复制内容到本地新建 install.psl 文件，执行安装。
    在有的时候，因为电脑安装防火墙的原因，可能会导致前两个方法出现问题，但是方法三不存在此问题，最好用 powershell.exe 来执行 install.psl 脚本，可以看到安装的完整过程。

Chocolatey用法

常用命令

choco -h                       # 查看帮助
choco <command> -h             #查看相应命令的帮助
choco install <package name>   #安装软件包
choco search <keyword>         #搜索软件包，会列出跟关键字相关的所有软件包
choco upgrade <package name>   #升级软件包
choco uninstall <package name> #卸载软件包
choco list --local-only        #查看本地安装的软件包
---

常用安装包

choco install autohotkey.portable    #安装 AutoHotkey (Portable)
choco install nodejs.install  #安装 node
choco install git.install     #安装 git
choco install python          #安装 python
choco install ruby            #安装 ruby
choco install jdk8            #安装 JDK8
choco install googlechrome    #安装 Chrome
choco install google-chrome-x64 #Google Chrome (64-bit only)
choco install firefox         #安装 firefox
choco install notepadplusplus.install #安装 notepad++
choco install Atom                    #安装 Atom
choco install SublimeText3            #安装 SublimeText3

补充

search命令

choco search 关键字

install命令

choco install 软件包名称
// 安装Node：
choco install nodejs.install //最新版本，当前是11.6.0
choco install nodejs-lts     //lts的最新版本，当前是10.15.0
// 安装git：
choco install git.install
// 安装Chrome：
choco install googlechrome
// 安装VS Code：
choco install vscode
// 安装7-zip：
choco install 7zip.install
// 安装IntelliJ IDEA：
choco install intellijidea-community //社区版
choco install intellijidea-ultimate  //旗舰版

update命令更新包

choco upgrade 软件包名称

卸载安装包 uninstall命令

choco uninstall 软件包名称

如果你不想在命令行中搜索和安装包的话，可以安装ChocolateyGUI，这是一个图形化的界面

// 安装
choco install chocolateygui // 安装之后输入 chocolateygui 打开图形界面安装你想安装的软件即可

Chocolatey离线安装

  1. 下载nupkg

下载链接地址：https://packages.chocolatey.org/chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg。

其他版本链接：https://chocolatey.org/packages/chocolatey。

我这里提供了nupkg包：chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg。

  1. 新建记事本文件，并改名为setup.ps1，下面是内容
# Download and install Chocolatey nupkg from an OData (HTTP/HTTPS) url such as Artifactory, Nexus, ProGet (all of these are recommended for organizational use), or Chocolatey.Server (great for smaller organizations and POCs)
# This is where you see the top level API - with xml to Packages - should look nearly the same as https://chocolatey.org/api/v2/
# If you are using Nexus, always add the trailing slash or it won't work
# === EDIT HERE ===
$packageRepo = '<INSERT ODATA REPO URL>'

# If the above $packageRepo repository requires authentication, add the username and password here. Otherwise these leave these as empty strings.
$repoUsername = ''    # this must be empty is NOT using authentication
$repoPassword = ''    # this must be empty if NOT using authentication

# Determine unzipping method
# 7zip is the most compatible, but you need an internally hosted 7za.exe.
# Make sure the version matches for the arguments as well.
# Built-in does not work with Server Core, but if you have PowerShell 5
# it uses Expand-Archive instead of COM
$unzipMethod = 'builtin'
#$unzipMethod = '7zip'
#$7zipUrl = 'https://chocolatey.org/7za.exe' (download this file, host internally, and update this to internal)

# === ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES YOU CAN SET ===
# Prior to running this script, in a PowerShell session, you can set the
# following environment variables and it will affect the output

# - $env:ChocolateyEnvironmentDebug = 'true' # see output
# - $env:chocolateyIgnoreProxy = 'true' # ignore proxy
# - $env:chocolateyProxyLocation = '' # explicit proxy
# - $env:chocolateyProxyUser = '' # explicit proxy user name (optional)
# - $env:chocolateyProxyPassword = '' # explicit proxy password (optional)

# === NO NEED TO EDIT ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ===
# Ensure we can run everything
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force;

# If the repository requires authentication, create the Credential object
if ((-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($repoUsername)) -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($repoPassword))) {
    $securePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString $repoPassword -AsPlainText -Force
    $repoCreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($repoUsername, $securePassword)
}

$searchUrl = ($packageRepo.Trim('/'), 'Packages()?$filter=(Id%20eq%20%27chocolatey%27)%20and%20IsLatestVersion') -join '/'

# Reroute TEMP to a local location
New-Item $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\choco-cache -ItemType Directory -Force
$env:TEMP = "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\choco-cache"

$localChocolateyPackageFilePath = Join-Path $env:TEMP 'D:\work\project\chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg'
$ChocoInstallPath = "$($env:SystemDrive)\ProgramData\Chocolatey\bin"
$env:ChocolateyInstall = "$($env:SystemDrive)\ProgramData\Chocolatey"
$env:Path += ";$ChocoInstallPath"
$DebugPreference = 'Continue';

# PowerShell v2/3 caches the output stream. Then it throws errors due
# to the FileStream not being what is expected. Fixes "The OS handle's
# position is not what FileStream expected. Do not use a handle
# simultaneously in one FileStream and in Win32 code or another
# FileStream."
function Fix-PowerShellOutputRedirectionBug {
  $poshMajorVerion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major

  if ($poshMajorVerion -lt 4) {
    try{
      # http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/2008/07/30/workaround-the-os-handles-position-is-not-what-filestream-expected/ plus comments
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetField"
      $objectRef = $host.GetType().GetField("externalHostRef", $bindingFlags).GetValue($host)
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetProperty"
      $consoleHost = $objectRef.GetType().GetProperty("Value", $bindingFlags).GetValue($objectRef, @())
      [void] $consoleHost.GetType().GetProperty("IsStandardOutputRedirected", $bindingFlags).GetValue($consoleHost, @())
      $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags] "Instance,NonPublic,GetField"
      $field = $consoleHost.GetType().GetField("standardOutputWriter", $bindingFlags)
      $field.SetValue($consoleHost, [Console]::Out)
      [void] $consoleHost.GetType().GetProperty("IsStandardErrorRedirected", $bindingFlags).GetValue($consoleHost, @())
      $field2 = $consoleHost.GetType().GetField("standardErrorWriter", $bindingFlags)
      $field2.SetValue($consoleHost, [Console]::Error)
    } catch {
      Write-Output 'Unable to apply redirection fix.'
    }
  }
}

Fix-PowerShellOutputRedirectionBug

# Attempt to set highest encryption available for SecurityProtocol.
# PowerShell will not set this by default (until maybe .NET 4.6.x). This
# will typically produce a message for PowerShell v2 (just an info
# message though)
try {
  # Set TLS 1.2 (3072), then TLS 1.1 (768), then TLS 1.0 (192), finally SSL 3.0 (48)
  # Use integers because the enumeration values for TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.1 won't
  # exist in .NET 4.0, even though they are addressable if .NET 4.5+ is
  # installed (.NET 4.5 is an in-place upgrade).
  [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072 -bor 768 -bor 192 -bor 48
} catch {
  Write-Output 'Unable to set PowerShell to use TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.1 due to old .NET Framework installed. If you see underlying connection closed or trust errors, you may need to upgrade to .NET Framework 4.5+ and PowerShell v3+.'
}

function Get-Downloader {
param (
  [string]$url
 )
  $downloader = new-object System.Net.WebClient

  $defaultCreds = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials
  if (Test-Path -Path variable:repoCreds) {
    Write-Debug "Using provided repository authentication credentials."
    $downloader.Credentials = $repoCreds
  } elseif ($defaultCreds -ne $null) {
    Write-Debug "Using default repository authentication credentials."
    $downloader.Credentials = $defaultCreds
  }

  $ignoreProxy = $env:chocolateyIgnoreProxy
  if ($ignoreProxy -ne $null -and $ignoreProxy -eq 'true') {
    Write-Debug 'Explicitly bypassing proxy due to user environment variable.'
    $downloader.Proxy = [System.Net.GlobalProxySelection]::GetEmptyWebProxy()
  } else {
    # check if a proxy is required
    $explicitProxy = $env:chocolateyProxyLocation
    $explicitProxyUser = $env:chocolateyProxyUser
    $explicitProxyPassword = $env:chocolateyProxyPassword
    if ($explicitProxy -ne $null -and $explicitProxy -ne '') {
      # explicit proxy
      $proxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy($explicitProxy, $true)
      if ($explicitProxyPassword -ne $null -and $explicitProxyPassword -ne '') {
        $passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString $explicitProxyPassword -AsPlainText -Force
        $proxy.Credentials = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($explicitProxyUser, $passwd)
      }

      Write-Debug "Using explicit proxy server '$explicitProxy'."
      $downloader.Proxy = $proxy

    } elseif (!$downloader.Proxy.IsBypassed($url)) {
      # system proxy (pass through)
      $creds = $defaultCreds
      if ($creds -eq $null) {
        Write-Debug 'Default credentials were null. Attempting backup method'
        $cred = get-credential
        $creds = $cred.GetNetworkCredential();
      }

      $proxyaddress = $downloader.Proxy.GetProxy($url).Authority
      Write-Debug "Using system proxy server '$proxyaddress'."
      $proxy = New-Object System.Net.WebProxy($proxyaddress)
      $proxy.Credentials = $creds
      $downloader.Proxy = $proxy
    }
  }

  return $downloader
}

function Download-File {
param (
  [string]$url,
  [string]$file
 )
  $downloader = Get-Downloader $url
  $downloader.DownloadFile($url, $file)
}

function Download-Package {
param (
  [string]$packageODataSearchUrl,
  [string]$file
 )
  $downloader = Get-Downloader $packageODataSearchUrl

  Write-Output "Querying latest package from $packageODataSearchUrl"
  [xml]$pkg = $downloader.DownloadString($packageODataSearchUrl)
  $packageDownloadUrl = $pkg.feed.entry.content.src

  Write-Output "Downloading $packageDownloadUrl to $file"
  $downloader.DownloadFile($packageDownloadUrl, $file)
}

function Install-ChocolateyFromPackage {
param (
  [string]$chocolateyPackageFilePath = ''
)

  if ($chocolateyPackageFilePath -eq $null -or $chocolateyPackageFilePath -eq '') {
    throw "You must specify a local package to run the local install."
  }

  if (!(Test-Path($chocolateyPackageFilePath))) {
    throw "No file exists at $chocolateyPackageFilePath"
  }

  $chocTempDir = Join-Path $env:TEMP "chocolatey"
  $tempDir = Join-Path $chocTempDir "chocInstall"
  if (![System.IO.Directory]::Exists($tempDir)) {[System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($tempDir)}
  $file = Join-Path $tempDir "chocolatey.zip"
  Copy-Item $chocolateyPackageFilePath $file -Force

  # unzip the package
  Write-Output "Extracting $file to $tempDir..."
  if ($unzipMethod -eq '7zip') {
    $7zaExe = Join-Path $tempDir '7za.exe'
    if (-Not (Test-Path ($7zaExe))) {
      Write-Output 'Downloading 7-Zip commandline tool prior to extraction.'
      # download 7zip
      Download-File $7zipUrl "$7zaExe"
    }

    $params = "x -o`"$tempDir`" -bd -y `"$file`""
    # use more robust Process as compared to Start-Process -Wait (which doesn't
    # wait for the process to finish in PowerShell v3)
    $process = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
    $process.StartInfo = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo($7zaExe, $params)
    $process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
    $process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = $false
    $process.StartInfo.WindowStyle = [System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle]::Hidden
    $process.Start() | Out-Null
    $process.BeginOutputReadLine()
    $process.WaitForExit()
    $exitCode = $process.ExitCode
    $process.Dispose()

    $errorMessage = "Unable to unzip package using 7zip. Perhaps try setting `$env:chocolateyUseWindowsCompression = 'true' and call install again. Error:"
    switch ($exitCode) {
      0 { break }
      1 { throw "$errorMessage Some files could not be extracted" }
      2 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip encountered a fatal error while extracting the files" }
      7 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip command line error" }
      8 { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip out of memory" }
      255 { throw "$errorMessage Extraction cancelled by the user" }
      default { throw "$errorMessage 7-Zip signalled an unknown error (code $exitCode)" }
    }
  } else {
    if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 5) {
      try {
        $shellApplication = new-object -com shell.application
        $zipPackage = $shellApplication.NameSpace($file)
        $destinationFolder = $shellApplication.NameSpace($tempDir)
        $destinationFolder.CopyHere($zipPackage.Items(),0x10)
      } catch {
        throw "Unable to unzip package using built-in compression. Set `$env:chocolateyUseWindowsCompression = 'false' and call install again to use 7zip to unzip. Error: `n $_"
      }
    } else {
      Expand-Archive -Path "$file" -DestinationPath "$tempDir" -Force
    }
  }

  # Call Chocolatey install
  Write-Output 'Installing chocolatey on this machine'
  $toolsFolder = Join-Path $tempDir "tools"
  $chocInstallPS1 = Join-Path $toolsFolder "chocolateyInstall.ps1"

  & $chocInstallPS1

  Write-Output 'Ensuring chocolatey commands are on the path'
  $chocInstallVariableName = 'ChocolateyInstall'
  $chocoPath = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable($chocInstallVariableName)
  if ($chocoPath -eq $null -or $chocoPath -eq '') {
    $chocoPath = 'C:\ProgramData\Chocolatey'
  }

  $chocoExePath = Join-Path $chocoPath 'bin'

  if ($($env:Path).ToLower().Contains($($chocoExePath).ToLower()) -eq $false) {
    $env:Path = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path',[System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine);
  }

  Write-Output 'Ensuring chocolatey.nupkg is in the lib folder'
  $chocoPkgDir = Join-Path $chocoPath 'lib\chocolatey'
  $nupkg = Join-Path $chocoPkgDir 'chocolatey.nupkg'
  if (!(Test-Path $nupkg)) {
    Write-Output 'Copying chocolatey.nupkg is in the lib folder'
    if (![System.IO.Directory]::Exists($chocoPkgDir)) { [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($chocoPkgDir); }
    Copy-Item "$file" "$nupkg" -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
  }
}

# Idempotence - do not install Chocolatey if it is already installed
if (!(Test-Path $ChocoInstallPath)) {
  # download the package to the local path
  if (!(Test-Path $localChocolateyPackageFilePath)) {
    Download-Package $searchUrl $localChocolateyPackageFilePath
  }

  # Install Chocolatey
  Install-ChocolateyFromPackage $localChocolateyPackageFilePath
}
  1. 修改第46行：$localChocolateyPackageFilePath = ‘C:\Users\123\Desktop\chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg’
    其中的chocolatey.0.10.15.nupkg是第1步下载的nupkg包，路径改成你下载的文件的路径。
  2. 修改第277行，将这一行注释掉（前边加#）或者删掉，目的是如果nupkg文件不存在不要下载。然后保存。
  3. 按Windows键快捷输入powershell，右键管理员运行。执行：iex C:\Users\123\Desktop\setup.ps1
    大约5秒后，如下图所示即为安装成功。
posted @ 2024-03-20 17:21  AJun816  阅读(2480)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报