Python 入门日记(二)—— 变量与简单数据类型

2020.07.05 Python 入门的 Day2

成就:部分字符串、整数、浮点数操作

字符串:

  • 字符串就是一系列字符。在 Python 中,用括号括起来的都是字符串,其中的引号可以是单引号,也可以是双引号。
  • 方法是 Python 可对数据执行的操作。每个方法后面都跟着一对括号,用以提供必要的信息。
  • 通过方法对字符串的改动是暂时的,方法结束后,字符串就会恢复。永久保存改动的方式就是通过赋值记录下来。
name = "Everything has changed!"
print(name)

# .title() 是一个使字符串中的每个单词首字母大写、其余字母小写的方法
print(name.title())

# 使方法的结果得以保存的方法就是赋值
name = name.title()
print(name)
  • title() 的作用是使字符串中所有单词的首字母都大写、除了首字母以外的其他字母都小写的方法。
  • upper() 的作用是使字符串中所有单词的字母都大写。
  • lower() 的作用是使字符串中所有单词的字母都小写。
  • replace() 的作用是将字符串中的特定的单词全部替换为另一个单词。
name = "Everything hAs cHAnged aGain!"
print(name.title())
print(name.upper())
print(name.lower())
name.replace('aGain', 'again and again')
  • Python 用加号(+)来合并字符串,这种合并字符串的方法称为拼接
  • 在编程中,空白泛指任何非打印字符,如空格、制表符合换行符。字符组合 \t 可用于添加制表符,\n 用于添加换行符。
  • 输出字符组合 \t 或 \n 需要用 \\t 或 \\n。
  • rstrip() 是删除字符串末尾空白的方法,lstrip() 是删除字符串开头空白的方法,strip() 是删除字符串两端空白的方法。
name = '     Everything has changed again and again!     '
thought = "I think."
print(name.rstrip())
print(name.lstrip())
print(name.strip())
# 删除字符串末尾、开头、两端的空白

name = name.strip() + "," + " " + thought
print(name)
# 字符串拼接

print("\t" + name)
print("\n\t" + name)

print("\\t")
print("\\n")
print("\\t\\n")
print("\t\\t")
  • 在单引号(')括起来的字符串中使用(')会导致错误。

数字:

  • 整数支持加(+)、减(-)、乘(*)、除(/)运算。
  • Python 将带小数点的数字都成为浮点数
  • Python 使用两个乘号表示乘方运算。
  • 函数 str() 将非字符串值表示为字符串。
print(1 + 7)
print(19 - 11)
print(2 * 4)
print(16 / 2)
print(2 ** 3)
print(2 ** 0.5)

age = 20
message = "Happy " + str(age) + "th Birthday!"
print(message)

# Twenty is also a good thing!

Python 之禅:

import this
  • The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
  • Beautiful is better than ugly.
  • Explicit is better than implicit.
  • Simple is better than complex.
  • Complex is better than complicated.
  • Flat is better than nested.
  • Sparse is better than dense.
  • Readability counts.
  • Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
  • Although practicality beats purity.
  • Errors should never pass silently.
  • Unless explicitly silenced.
  • In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
  • There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
  • Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
  • Now is better than never.
  • Although never is often better than *right* now.
  • If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
  • If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
  • Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
posted @ 2020-07-05 23:13  Tree。  阅读(158)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报