例题 5-1 STL

Raju and Meena love to play with Marbles. They have got a lot of
marbles with numbers written on them. At the beginning, Raju would
place the marbles one after another in ascending order of the numbers
written on them. Then Meena would ask Raju to find the first marble
with a certain number. She would count 1...2...3. Raju gets one point
for correct answer, and Meena gets the point if Raju fails. After some
fixed number of trials the game ends and the player with maximum
points wins. Today it’s your chance to play as Raju. Being the smart
kid, you’d be taking the favor of a computer. But don’t underestimate
Meena, she had written a program to keep track how much time you’re
taking to give all the answers. So now you have to write a program,
which will help you in your role as Raju.
Input
There can be multiple test cases. Total no of test cases is less than 65. Each test case consists begins
with 2 integers: N the number of marbles and Q the number of queries Mina would make. The next
N lines would contain the numbers written on the N marbles. These marble numbers will not come
in any particular order. Following Q lines will have Q queries. Be assured, none of the input numbers
are greater than 10000 and none of them are negative.
Input is terminated by a test case where N = 0 and Q = 0.
Output
For each test case output the serial number of the case.
For each of the queries, print one line of output. The format of this line will depend upon whether
or not the query number is written upon any of the marbles. The two different formats are described
below:
• ‘x found at y’, if the first marble with number x was found at position y. Positions are numbered
1, 2, . . . , N.
• ‘x not found’, if the marble with number x is not present.
Look at the output for sample input for details.
Sample Input
4 1
23515
5 2
13331 
23
0 0
Sample Output
CASE# 1:
5 found at 4
CASE# 2:
2 not found
3 found at 3

　　　　题目的 意思  大概就是       第一行  给你两个数字  第一个 代表了  第二行数字的个数   第二个 代表了 第三行数字的个数         将第二行的由小到大  排序之后        从第三行  中的 数字 和 第二行比较 如果 有相同的  就 打印  出  他排序之后   是第几个数字.

//  关键是 第17行的    标准模板库  里面 的  一点东西  这也算是 第一次  有意识到  接触  标准模板库了吧.
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int q,n,a[10000],b,c,i,x,p,m,j,kase=0;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)==2&&n)
    {
        printf("CASE# %d\n",++kase);
        for(i=0;i<n;i++)
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        sort(a,a+n);
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%d",&x);
            p=lower_bound(a,a+n,x)-a;                //   返回的 是  数组的  下标
            if(a[p]==x)
                printf("%d found at %d\n",x,p+1);
            else
                printf("%d not found\n",x);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}