解析模块 LL
1、解析器的作用
根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器对请求体内容进行处理。
有application/json,x-www-form-urlencoded,form-data等格式
2、全局使用解析器
- settings.py配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES':[ 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser' 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser' 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser' ] }
- urls.py配置
urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view()), ]
- 视图函数
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response class TestView(APIView): def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser
在 Django REST Framework (DRF) 中,
JSONParser
, FormParser
和 MultiPartParser
是三种不同的请求解析器(Request parsers),它们分别用于处理不同类型的HTTP请求体数据。-
JSONParser:
- 用于解析以JSON格式发送的请求体数据。例如,当客户端使用
Content-Type: application/json
发送POST或PUT请求时,服务器端可以使用这个解析器将JSON字符串转换为Python字典对象。
- 用于解析以JSON格式发送的请求体数据。例如,当客户端使用
-
FormParser:
- 用于解析标准的HTML表单数据,即URL-encoded 或 multipart/form-data 格式的请求体。这种格式通常由浏览器通过
<form>
元素提交的数据产生。 - 对于
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
的请求,FormParser 可以解析键值对形式的数据,并将其转换为字典结构。
- 用于解析标准的HTML表单数据,即URL-encoded 或 multipart/form-data 格式的请求体。这种格式通常由浏览器通过
-
MultiPartParser:
- 同样用于处理表单数据,但特别针对包含文件上传的情况。这类请求的
Content-Type
通常是multipart/form-data
。 - MultiPartParser 能够正确地解析并处理包含文本字段和文件字段的多部分请求体。
- 同样用于处理表单数据,但特别针对包含文件上传的情况。这类请求的
在 DRF 中,视图函数可以通过设置 parser_classes
属性来指定要使用的请求解析器列表,以便支持多种类型的数据接收方式:
Python
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser
class MyView(APIView):
parser_classes = (JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 这里request.data将根据请求体内容类型被正确解析 ...
3、局部使用解析器
3-1 仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views.s5_parser import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ]
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [JSONParser, ] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
3-2 仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的请求体
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [FormParser, ] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
3-3 仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [MultiPartParser, ] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容') <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="file" name="img"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
3-4 仅上传文件
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/(?P<filename>[^/]+)', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ] def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs): print(filename) print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容') <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="file" name="img"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
3-5 同时多个Parser
当同时使用多个parser时,rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对,并使用对应parser
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser, ] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST请求,响应内容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
4、源码分析
# 1 在调用request.data时,才进行解析,由此入手
@property def data(self): if not _hasattr(self, '_full_data'): self._load_data_and_files() return self._full_data
# 2 查看self._load_data_and_files()方法---->self._data, self._files = self._parse()
def _parse(self): #用户请求头里content_type的值 media_type = self.content_type #self.parsers 就是用户配置的parser_classes = [FileUploadParser,FormParser ] #self里就有content_type,传入此函数 parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)
# 3 查看self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)
def select_parser(self, request, parsers): #同过media_type和request.content_type比较,来返回解析器,然后调用解析器的解析方法 #每个解析器都有media_type = 'multipart/form-data'属性 for parser in parsers: if media_type_matches(parser.media_type, request.content_type): return parser return None
# 4 最终调用parser的解析方法来解析parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context)
# 1 Request实例化,parsers=self.get_parsers()
Request( request, parsers=self.get_parsers(), authenticators=self.get_authenticators(), negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(), parser_context=parser_context )
# 2 get_parsers方法,循环实例化出self.parser_classes中类对象
def get_parsers(self): return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes]
# 3 self.parser_classes 先从类本身找,找不到去父类找即APIVIew 中的
parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES
# 4 api_settings是一个对象,对象里找DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES属性,找不到,会到getattr方法
def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr not in self.defaults: raise AttributeError("Invalid API setting: '%s'" % attr) try: #调用self.user_settings方法,返回一个字典,字典再取attr属性 val = self.user_settings[attr] except KeyError: # Fall back to defaults val = self.defaults[attr] # Coerce import strings into classes if attr in self.import_strings: val = perform_import(val, attr) # Cache the result self._cached_attrs.add(attr) setattr(self, attr, val) return val
# 5 user_settings方法 ,通过反射去setting配置文件里找REST_FRAMEWORK属性,找不到,返回空字典
@property def user_settings(self): if not hasattr(self, '_user_settings'): self._user_settings = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', {}) return self._user_settings
jQuery
>: cnpm install jquery
vue/cli 3 配置jQuery:在vue.config.js中配置(没有,手动项目根目录下新建)
const webpack = require("webpack"); module.exports = { configureWebpack: { plugins: [ new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ $: "jquery", jQuery: "jquery", "window.jQuery": "jquery", Popper: ["popper.js", "default"] }) ] } };v
BootStrap
>: cnpm install bootstrap@3
vue/cli 3 配置BootStrap:在main.js中配置
import "bootstrap" import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css"
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