SpringCloud- 接口网关(zuul)
1.什么是网关
大家都知道,从一个房间走到另一个房间,必然要经过一扇门。同样,从一个网络向另一个网络发送信
息,也必须经过一道“关口”,这道关口就是网关。网关 就是一个网络连接到另一个网络的“关口”。也就是网络关卡。例如:我的一个pc工程的ip地址:192.168.1.215 然后另一个h5工程的ip地址是192.168.2.114 如果pc工程想调用h5
工程 属于不在同一个网段之中,跨域问题,需要搭建接口网关!
2.如何使用SpringCloud-zuul 搭建一个接口网关
接口网关:拦截请求,nginx也有此作用,比如防止ddos攻击
使用接口网关以后 pc工程只需要访问地址:www.zull.com/member 则直接有接口网关根据请求地址 直接找到 www.member.com 和nginx搭建企业网关类似
3.使用java代码实现接口网关
创建项目:zuul-server
步骤一:pom文件导入所需要的依赖
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="XXX.xsl"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jiahou</groupId> <artifactId>zull-server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--eureka server --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- spring boot test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
步骤二:创建zull-server的yml配置文件:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
port: 8799
spring:
application:
name: service-zuul
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-member/**
service-id: service-member
api-b:
path: /api-order/**
service-id: service-order
ps:path:就是地址请求路径 比如请求地址:127.0.0.1:8799/api-member/method 首先 访问zull服务 zull服务根据配置对所有/api-member/进行拦截,然后请求的地址对应的是eureka中service-member的实际地址
步骤三:在member服务和order服务中中添加测试方法:
@RequestMapping("/getMenberZull") public String getMemberMsg1() { String str = "这个是会员服务"; return str; }
@RequestMapping("/getMenberZull") public String getMemberMsg1() { String str = "这个是订单服务"; return str; }
步骤四:启动eureka,member,order,zull服务
步骤五:分别输入请求地址:http://127.0.0.1:8799/api-member/getMenberZull和http://127.0.0.1:8799/api-order/getMenberZull
4.使用zull接口网关过滤请求参数
在nginx里面可以搭建企业的黑白名单,过滤请求参数,spirngcloud中zull过滤请求参数
创建一个自己的filter继承ZuulFilter
package com.example.demo; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; @Component public class MyZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter { private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyZuulFilter.class); @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); log.info(String.format("当前接受方法类型:{}和请求地址", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString())); Object accessToken = request.getParameter("id"); if (accessToken != null) { return null; } log.warn("当前没有任何参数"); ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); try { ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("id is null"); } catch (Exception e) { } return null; } }
ps:nginx有的功能 zuul基本都有
纠正:zull->zuul