C#MD5算法

我要写一个MD5算法的程序时,发现中英文的语言描述都有一些不确切的地方,某些个细节 
讲得不清楚,或者说很费解。最后不得不拿出C语言的源程序来调试,这对于理解算法是很不 
利的。于是就总结了一下我摸索到的一些要点。 

1.来历 
MD5的全称是message-digest algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法,在90年代初由mit laboratory 
for computer science和rsa data security inc的ronald l. rivest开发出来, 
经md2、md3和md4发展而来。http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt,是一份最权威的文档, 
由ronald l. rivest在1992年8月向ieft提交。 

2.用途 
MD5的作用是对一段信息(message)生成信息摘要(message-digest),该摘要对该信息具有 
唯一性,可以作为数字签名。用于验证文件的有效性(是否有丢失或损坏的数据),对用户 
密码的加密,在哈希函数中计算散列值。 

3.特点 
输入一个任意长度的字节串,生成一个128位的整数。由于算法的某些不可逆特征,在加密应用 
上有较好的安全性。并且,MD5算法的使用不需要支付任何版权费用。 

4.说明 
唯一性和不可逆性都不是绝对的,从理论上分析是一种多对一的关系,但两个不同的信息产生 
相同摘要的概率很小。不可逆是指从输出反推输入所需的运算量和计算时间太大,使用穷搜字 
典的方法又需要太多的存储空间。 

5.算法描述 

算法输入是一个字节串,每个字节是8个bit. 
算法的执行分为以下几个步骤: 

第一步,补位: 
MD5算法先对输入的数据进行补位,使得数据的长度(以byte为单位)对64求余的结果是56。 
即数据扩展至LEN=K*64+56个字节,K为整数。 
补位方法:补一个1,然后补0至满足上述要求。相当于补一个0x80的字节,再补值 
为0的字节。这一步里总共补充的字节数为0~63个。 

第二步,附加数据长度: 
用一个64位的整数表示数据的原始长度(以bit为单位),将这个数字的8个字节按低位的在前, 
高位在后的顺序附加在补位后的数据后面。这时,数据被填补后的总长度为: 
LEN = K*64+56+8=(K+1)*64 Bytes。 

※注意那个64位整数是输入数据的原始长度而不是填充字节后的长度,我就在这里栽了跟头. 

第三步,初始化MD5参数: 
有四个32位整数变量 (A,B,C,D) 用来计算信息摘要,每一个变量被初始化成以下 
以十六进制数表示的数值,低位的字节在前面。 
word A: 01 23 45 67 
word B: 89 ab cd ef 
word C: fe dc ba 98 
word D: 76 54 32 10 
※注意低位的字节在前面指的是Little Endian平台上内存中字节的排列方式, 
而在程序中书写时,要写成: 
A=0x67452301 
B=0xefcdab89 
C=0x98badcfe 
D=0x10325476 

第四步,定义四个MD5基本的按位操作函数: 
X,Y,Z为32位整数。 
F(X,Y,Z) = (X and Y) or (not(X) and Z) 
G(X,Y,Z) = (X and Z) or (Y and not(Z)) 
H(X,Y,Z) = X xor Y xor Z 
I(X,Y,Z) = Y xor (X or not(Z)) 

再定义四个分别用于四轮变换的函数。 
设Mj表示消息的第j个子分组(从0到15),<<<s表示循环左移s位,则四种操作为: 
FF(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(F(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s) 
GG(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(G(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s) 
HH(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(H(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s) 
II(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(I(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s) 


第五步,对输入数据作变换。 
处理数据,N是总的字节数,以64个字节为一组,每组作一次循环,每次循环进行四轮操作。 
要变换的64个字节用16个32位的整数数组M[0 ...15]表示。而数组T[1 ... 64]表示一组常数, 
T[i]为4294967296*abs(sin(i))的32位整数部分,i的单位是弧度,i的取值从1到64。 
具体过程如下: 

/* 设置主循环变量 */ 
For i = 0 to N/16-1 do 

/*每循环一次,把数据原文存放在16个元素的数组X中. */ 
For j = 0 to 15 do 
Set X[j] to M[i*16+j]. 
end /结束对J的循环 

/* Save A as AA, B as BB, C as CC, and D as DD. 
*/ 
AA = A 
BB = B 
CC = C 
DD = D 

/* 第1轮*/ 
/* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作 
a = b + ((a + F(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */ 
/* Do the following 16 operations. */ 
[ABCD 0 7 1] [DABC 1 12 2] [CDAB 2 17 3] [BCDA 3 22 4] 
[ABCD 4 7 5] [DABC 5 12 6] [CDAB 6 17 7] [BCDA 7 22 8] 
[ABCD 8 7 9] [DABC 9 12 10] [CDAB 10 17 11] [BCDA 11 22 12] 
[ABCD 12 7 13] [DABC 13 12 14] [CDAB 14 17 15] [BCDA 15 22 16] 


/* 第2轮* */ 
/* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作 
a = b + ((a + G(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */ 
/* Do the following 16 operations. */ 
[ABCD 1 5 17] [DABC 6 9 18] [CDAB 11 14 19] [BCDA 0 20 20] 
[ABCD 5 5 21] [DABC 10 9 22] [CDAB 15 14 23] [BCDA 4 20 24] 
[ABCD 9 5 25] [DABC 14 9 26] [CDAB 3 14 27] [BCDA 8 20 28] 
[ABCD 13 5 29] [DABC 2 9 30] [CDAB 7 14 31] [BCDA 12 20 32] 

/* 第3轮*/ 
/* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作 
a = b + ((a + H(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */ 
/* Do the following 16 operations. */ 
[ABCD 5 4 33] [DABC 8 11 34] [CDAB 11 16 35] [BCDA 14 23 36] 
[ABCD 1 4 37] [DABC 4 11 38] [CDAB 7 16 39] [BCDA 10 23 40] 
[ABCD 13 4 41] [DABC 0 11 42] [CDAB 3 16 43] [BCDA 6 23 44] 
[ABCD 9 4 45] [DABC 12 11 46] [CDAB 15 16 47] [BCDA 2 23 48] 


/* 第4轮*/ 
/* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作 
a = b + ((a + I(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s). */ 
/* Do the following 16 operations. */ 
[ABCD 0 6 49] [DABC 7 10 50] [CDAB 14 15 51] [BCDA 5 21 52] 
[ABCD 12 6 53] [DABC 3 10 54] [CDAB 10 15 55] [BCDA 1 21 56] 
[ABCD 8 6 57] [DABC 15 10 58] [CDAB 6 15 59] [BCDA 13 21 60] 
[ABCD 4 6 61] [DABC 11 10 62] [CDAB 2 15 63] [BCDA 9 21 64] 

/* 然后进行如下操作 */ 
A = A + AA 
B = B + BB 
C = C + CC 
D = D + DD 

Next i /* 结束对I的循环*/ 

第六步,输出结果。 
A,B,C,D连续存放,共16个字节,128位。按十六进制依次输出这个16个字节。 


最后,用程序语言实现算法后,可以输入以下几个信息对程序作一个简单的测试, 
看看程序有没有错误。 
 MD5 ("") = d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e 
 MD5 ("a") = 0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661 
 MD5 ("abc") = 900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72 
 MD5 ("message digest") = f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0 
 MD5 ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") = c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b 
 MD5 ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789") = 
d174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f 
MD5 ("123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 
01234567890") = 57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a 


MD5算法之C#程序 

MD5算法比较特别,最适合用汇编语言来写,好多高级语言对之无能无力或效率极低。 
比如我最开始尝试用Python和Euphoria编写,发现不太容易。相比而言,C#作为C家簇 
中新兴的一门.net语言,功能比较全面。花了一晚上的工夫终于用C#最先实现了MD5。 
主要是由于对算法的一些细节不太注意,结果输出总是不对,调试了好长时间。 

[code] 
//源文件:md5.cs 
// MD5 Alogrithm 
// by rufi 2004.6.20 http://rufi.yculblog.com/ 
using System; 
using System.Collections; 
using System.IO; 

public class MD5 { 
//static state variables 
private static UInt32 A; 
private static UInt32 B; 
private static UInt32 C; 
private static UInt32 D; 

//number of bits to rotate in tranforming 
private const int S11 = 7; 
private const int S12 = 12; 
private const int S13 = 17; 
private const int S14 = 22; 
private const int S21 = 5; 
private const int S22 = 9; 
private const int S23 = 14; 
private const int S24 = 20; 
private const int S31 = 4; 
private const int S32 = 11; 
private const int S33 = 16; 
private const int S34 = 23; 
private const int S41 = 6; 
private const int S42 = 10; 
private const int S43 = 15; 
private const int S44 = 21; 


/* F, G, H and I are basic MD5 functions. 
* 四个非线性函数: 

* F(X,Y,Z) =(X&Y)|((~X)&Z) 
* G(X,Y,Z) =(X&Z)|(Y&(~Z)) 
* H(X,Y,Z) =X^Y^Z 
* I(X,Y,Z)=Y^(X|(~Z)) 

* (&与,|或,~非,^异或) 
*/ 
private static UInt32 F(UInt32 x,UInt32 y,UInt32 z){ 
return (x&y)|((~x)&z); 

private static UInt32 G(UInt32 x,UInt32 y,UInt32 z){ 
return (x&z)|(y&(~z)); 

private static UInt32 H(UInt32 x,UInt32 y,UInt32 z){ 
return x^y^z; 

private static UInt32 I(UInt32 x,UInt32 y,UInt32 z){ 
return y^(x|(~z)); 


/* FF, GG, HH, and II transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4. 
* Rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation. 
*/ 
private static void FF(ref UInt32 a,UInt32 b,UInt32 c,UInt32 d,UInt32 mj,int s,UInt32 ti){ 
a = a + F(b,c,d) + mj + ti; 
a = a << s | a >> (32-s); 
a += b; 

private static void GG(ref UInt32 a,UInt32 b,UInt32 c,UInt32 d,UInt32 mj,int s,UInt32 ti){ 
a = a + G(b,c,d) + mj + ti; 
a = a << s | a >> (32-s); 
a += b; 

private static void HH(ref UInt32 a,UInt32 b,UInt32 c,UInt32 d,UInt32 mj,int s,UInt32 ti){ 
a = a + H(b,c,d) + mj + ti; 
a = a << s | a >> (32-s); 
a += b; 

private static void II(ref UInt32 a,UInt32 b,UInt32 c,UInt32 d,UInt32 mj,int s,UInt32 ti){ 
a = a + I(b,c,d) + mj + ti; 
a = a << s | a >> (32-s); 
a += b; 


private static void MD5_Init(){ 
A=0x67452301; //in memory, this is 0x01234567 
B=0xefcdab89; //in memory, this is 0x89abcdef 
C=0x98badcfe; //in memory, this is 0xfedcba98 
D=0x10325476; //in memory, this is 0x76543210 


private static UInt32[] MD5_Append(byte[] input){ 
int zeros=0; 
int ones =1; 
int size=0; 
int n = input.Length; 
int m = n%64; 
if( m < 56 ){ 
zeros = 55-m; 
size=n-m+64; 

else if (m==56){ 
zeros = 0; 
ones = 0; 
size=n+8; 

else{ 
zeros = 63-m+56; 
size=n+64-m+64; 


ArrayList bs = new ArrayList(input); 
if(ones==1){ 
bs.Add( (byte)0x80 ); // 0x80 = $10000000 

for(int i=0;i<zeros;i++){ 
bs.Add( (byte)0 ); 


UInt64 N = (UInt64) n * 8; 
byte h1=(byte)(N&0xFF); 
byte h2=(byte)((N>>8)&0xFF); 
byte h3=(byte)((N>>16)&0xFF); 
byte h4=(byte)((N>>24)&0xFF); 
byte h5=(byte)((N>>32)&0xFF); 
byte h6=(byte)((N>>40)&0xFF); 
byte h7=(byte)((N>>48)&0xFF); 
byte h8=(byte)(N>>56); 
bs.Add(h1); 
bs.Add(h2); 
bs.Add(h3); 
bs.Add(h4); 
bs.Add(h5); 
bs.Add(h6); 
bs.Add(h7); 
bs.Add(h8); 
byte[] ts=(byte[])bs.ToArray(typeof(byte)); 

/* Decodes input (byte[]) into output (UInt32[]). Assumes len is 
* a multiple of 4. 
*/ 
UInt32[] output = new UInt32[size/4]; 
for(Int64 i=0,j=0;i<size;j++,i+=4){ 
output[j]=(UInt32)(ts[i] | ts[i+1]<<8 | ts[i+2]<<16 | ts[i+3]<<24); 

return output; 

private static UInt32[] MD5_Trasform(UInt32[] x){ 

UInt32 a,b,c,d; 

for(int k=0;k<x.Length;k+=16){ 
a=A; 
b=B; 
c=C; 
d=D; 

/* Round 1 */ 
FF (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 0], S11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */ 
FF (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 1], S12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */ 
FF (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */ 
FF (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */ 
FF (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */ 
FF (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */ 
FF (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */ 
FF (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */ 
FF (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */ 
FF (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */ 
FF (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */ 
FF (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */ 
FF (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */ 
FF (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */ 
FF (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */ 
FF (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */ 

/* Round 2 */ 
GG (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */ 
GG (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */ 
GG (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */ 
GG (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */ 
GG (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */ 
GG (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */ 
GG (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */ 
GG (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */ 
GG (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */ 
GG (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */ 
GG (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */ 
GG (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */ 
GG (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */ 
GG (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */ 
GG (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */ 
GG (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */ 

/* Round 3 */ 
HH (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */ 
HH (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */ 
HH (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */ 
HH (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */ 
HH (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */ 
HH (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */ 
HH (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */ 
HH (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */ 
HH (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */ 
HH (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */ 
HH (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */ 
HH (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */ 
HH (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */ 
HH (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */ 
HH (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */ 
HH (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */ 

/* Round 4 */ 
II (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */ 
II (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */ 
II (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */ 
II (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */ 
II (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */ 
II (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+ 3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */ 
II (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */ 
II (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */ 
II (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */ 
II (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */ 
II (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */ 
II (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */ 
II (ref a, b, c, d, x[k+ 4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */ 
II (ref d, a, b, c, x[k+11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */ 
II (ref c, d, a, b, x[k+ 2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */ 
II (ref b, c, d, a, x[k+ 9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */ 

A+=a; 
B+=b; 
C+=c; 
D+=d; 

return new UInt32[]{A,B,C,D}; 

public static byte[] MD5Array(byte[] input){ 
MD5_Init(); 
UInt32[] block = MD5_Append(input); 
UInt32[] bits = MD5_Trasform(block); 

/* Encodes bits (UInt32[]) into output (byte[]). Assumes len is 
* a multiple of 4. 
*/ 
byte[] output=new byte[bits.Length*4]; 
for(int i=0,j=0;i<bits.Length;i++,j+=4){ 
output[j] = (byte)(bits[i] & 0xff); 
output[j+1] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 8) & 0xff); 
output[j+2] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 16) & 0xff); 
output[j+3] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 24) & 0xff); 

return output; 


public static string ArrayToHexString(byte[] array,bool uppercase){ 
string hexString=""; 
string format="x2"; 
if(uppercase){ 
format="X2"; 

foreach(byte b in array){ 
hexString += b.ToString(format); 

return hexString; 


public static string MDString(string message){ 
char[] c = message.ToCharArray(); 
byte[] b = new byte[c.Length]; 
for(int i=0;i<c.Length;i++){ 
b[i]=(byte)c[i]; 

byte[] digest = MD5Array(b); 
return ArrayToHexString(digest,false); 

public static string MDFile(string fileName){ 
FileStream fs=File.Open(fileName,FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read); 
byte[] array=new byte[fs.Length]; 
fs.Read(array,0,(int)fs.Length); 
byte[] digest = MD5Array(array); 
fs.Close(); 
return ArrayToHexString(digest,false); 


public static string Test(string message){ 
return "rnMD5 (""+message+"") = " + MD5.MDString(message); 

public static string TestSuite(){ 
string s = ""; 
s+=Test(""); 
s+=Test("a"); 
s+=Test("abc"); 
s+=Test("message digest"); 
s+=Test("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"); 
s+=Test("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"); 
s+=Test("12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"); 
return s; 


[/code] 

posted @ 2008-04-15 21:29  古道轻风  阅读(641)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报