类的派生
派生方法一
class People:
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
self.age = age
class Student(People):
def choose_course(self):
print(f'{self.name} is choosing course')
class Teacher(People):
"""由于老师类中有独有的__init__()方法,因此需要声明继承父类的__init__()"""
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, level):
# 其实就好比于调用了People里的__init__函数,与继承无关
People.__init__(self, name, age, gender)
self.level = level # 派生
def teach_course(self):
print(f'{self.name} is teaching')
stu = Student('tank', '18', 'male')
tea = Teacher('nick', '40', 'male', 1)
print(stu.__dict__)
{'name': 'tank', 'gender': 'male', 'age': '18'}
print(tea.__dict__)
{'name': 'nick', 'gender': 'male', 'age': '40', 'level': 1}
派生方法二
- 严格以继承属性查找关系
- super()会得到一个特殊的对象,该对象就是按照继承关系专门用来访问父类中的属性的
- super().__init__(不用为self传值)
- super的完整用法是super(自己的类名,self),在python2中需要写完整,在python3中可以简写为super()
class People:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
class Student(People):
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
# super(Student, self).__init__(name,age)
super().__init__(name,age)
self.gender = gender
stud = Student('nick', 18, 'male')
print(stud.__dict__)
{'name': 'nick', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male'}