max (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Selects the greater of x and y.
Syntax
| ret max(x, y) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float, int | any |
| y | in | same as input x | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x |
| ret | return type | same as input x | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_4 |
min (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Selects the lesser of x and y.
Syntax
| ret min(x, y) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float, int | any |
| y | in | same as input x | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x |
| ret | return type | same as input x | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_4 |
mul (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Performs matrix multiplication between x and y. If x is a vector, it treated as a row vector. If y is a vector, it is treated as a column vector. The inner dimension x-columns and y-rows must be equal. The result has the dimension x-rows x y-columns.
Syntax
| ret mul(x, y) |
|---|
There are 9 overloaded versions of this function, to handle the different cases for the types and sizes of the x and y input arguments. The following table lists these versions.
| Version | Name | Purpose | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | |||||
| x | in | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| y | in | scalar | same as input x | 1 | |
| ret | out | scalar | same as input x | 1 | |
| 2 | |||||
| x | in | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| y | in | vector | float, int | any | |
| ret | out | vector | float, int | same dimension(s) as input y | |
| 3 | |||||
| x | in | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| y | in | matrix | float, int | any | |
| ret | out | matrix | same as input y | same dimension(s) as input y | |
| 4 | |||||
| x | in | vector | float, int | any | |
| y | in | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| ret | out | vector | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x | |
| 5 | |||||
| x | in | vector | float, int | any | |
| y | in | vector | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x | |
| ret | out | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| 6 | |||||
| x | in | vector | float, int | any | |
| y | in | matrix | float, int | rows = same dimension(s) as input x, columns = any | |
| ret | out | vector | float, int | same dimension(s) as input y columns | |
| 7 | |||||
| x | in | matrix | float, int | any | |
| y | in | scalar | float, int | 1 | |
| ret | out | matrix | float, int | same dimension(s) as input x | |
| 8 | |||||
| x | in | matrix | float, int | any | |
| y | in | vector | float, int | number of columns in input x | |
| ret | out | vector | float, int | number of rows in input x | |
| 9 | |||||
| x | in | matrix | float, int | any | |
| y | in | matrix | float, int | rows = number of columns in input x | |
| ret | out | matrix | float, int | rows = number of rows in input x, columns = number of columns in input y |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_1 |
normalize (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the normalized vector x / length(x). If the length of x is 0, the result is indefinite.
Syntax
| ret normalize(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | vector | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
pow (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns xy.
Syntax
| ret pow(x, y) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| y | in | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Remarks
Special cases:
- If x = 0, then the result will always be 0.
- If x < 0, there will be a compile error.
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
radians (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Converts x from degrees to radians.
Syntax
| ret radians(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_1 |
reflect (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the reflection vector v, given the entering ray direction i, and the surface normal n, as in:
v = i - 2 * dot(i, n) * n
Syntax
| ret reflect(i, n) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | in | vector | float | any |
| n | in | vector | float | same dimension(s) as input i |
| ret | out | vector | float | same dimension(s) as input i |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_1 |
refract (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the refraction vector given the entering ray direction i, the surface normal n, and the refraction index ri. If the angle between i and n is too great for a given eta, refract returns (0,0,0).
Syntax
| ret refract(i, n, ri) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | in | vector | float | any |
| n | in | vector | float | same dimension(s) as input i |
| ri | in | scalar | float | 1 |
| refraction vector | out | vector | float | same dimension(s) as input i |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
rsqrt (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns 1 / sqrt(x).
Syntax
| ret rsqrt(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
saturate (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Clamps x to the range [0, 1].
Syntax
| ret saturate(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_1 |
sin (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the sine of x.
Syntax
| ret sin(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
sincos (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the sine and cosine of x. sin(x) is stored in the output parameter s. cos(x) is stored in the output parameter c.
Syntax
| sincos(x, out s, out c) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| s | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
| c | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
sqrt (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Square root (per component).
Syntax
| ret sqrt(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
tan (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the tangent of x.
Syntax
| ret tan(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | scalar, vector, or matrix | float | any |
| ret | out | same as input x | float | same dimension(s) as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_2_0 |
transpose (Direct3D 9 HLSL)
Returns the transpose of the input matrix x. If the dimensions of the source matrix is p-rows x q-columns, the resulting matrix is q-columns x p-rows.
Syntax
| ret transpose(x) |
|---|
Where:
| Name | In/Out | Template Type | Component Type | Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | in | matrix | float, int, bool | any |
| ret | out | matrix | float, int, bool | rows = same number of columns as input x, columns = same number of rows as input x |
Minimum Shader Version
This intrinsic function is supported in the following (or above) shader versions:
| Vertex Shader | Pixel Shader |
|---|---|
| vs_1_1 | ps_1_1 |
大多数函数已经重载以使其可以对所有内建类型有意义。例如，abs对所有数值类型有意义，所以它为所有这些数值类型进行了重载。又例如，叉积的叉乘仅对3D向量有意义，所以它对所有类型的3D向量（比如：int，float，double的3D向量）进行了重载。另一方面，线性插值——lerp，对于数值、2D、3D和4D向量有意义，因此重载了这些类型。
注意：如果你传递进去一个非数值类型到一个（要求）数值类型的函数，也就是一个仅能对数值类型进行操作的函数（比如：cos(x)），那么这个函数会对传进去的每个分量进行操作。例如，你写：
|
floats v = float3 (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); v = cos(v); |
那么函数将会对每个分量进行操作：v=(cos(x),cos(y),cos(z))。
下例展示了这些固有的函数可能被调用的方式：
|
float x = sin(1.0f); // sine of 1.0f radian. float y = sqrt(4.0f); // square root of 4.
vector u = {1.0f, 2.0f, -3.0f, 0.0f}; vector v = {3.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f}; float s = dot(u, v); // compute dot product of u and v.
float3 i = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; float3 j = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; float3 k = cross(i, j); // compute cross product of i and j.
matrix<float, 2, 2> M = {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f}; matrix<float, 2, 2> T = transpose(M); // compute transpose |
